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2022年“雙搶”水稻生產機械化作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢調查報告

2022-07-07 09:04:11 來源:農業(yè)農村部農機化司 閱讀量:17272 評論

導讀:近日,農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站針對“雙搶”期間水稻機收等作業(yè)價格變化情況,開展了電子問卷調查,并形成調查分析報告,現予以刊發(fā)。

  農業(yè)機械化情況2022年第12期
 
  編者按:近日,農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站針對“雙搶”期間水稻機收等作業(yè)價格變化情況,開展了電子問卷調查,并形成調查分析報告,現予以刊發(fā)。
 
  2022年“雙搶”水稻生產機械化作業(yè)
 
  服務價格和成本變化趨勢調查報告
 
  為科學研判“雙搶”機械化生產作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢,農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站開展了2022年“雙搶”水稻生產機械化作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢電子問卷調查,有關情況如下。
 
  一、調查樣本基本情況
 
  本次調查采取網絡問卷形式,共對八個雙季稻主產?。▍^(qū))699個農機社會化服務組織進行了調查,具體樣本分布情況如表1所示。


 

  從參加調查的主體情況看,自主經營土地面積多在10000畝以下,涉及樣本683個,占樣本總數的97.71%,其中,2000畝以下的占比為73.25%。全年機械化作業(yè)服務面積多處于50000畝次以下,涉及樣本653個,占樣本總數的93.42%。各生產主體關于本年度“雙搶”生產期間的預計作業(yè)服務面積以50000畝次以下為主,涉及樣本669個,占樣本總數的95.71%。詳見表2。


 

  二、預計“雙搶”生產期間機械化作業(yè)價格變化趨勢
 
  從調查情況看,“雙搶”機械化作業(yè)價格中位數(詳見表3)較去年都有不同程度上漲。
 
  (一)水稻機收。預計水稻機收價格為110元/畝,較去年上漲24元左右,同比增長28.55%。
 
  (二)水田機械耕整地。預計水田機械耕整地作業(yè)價格為130元/畝,較去年上漲6元左右,同比增長4.97%。
 
  (三)水稻機械化種植。水稻機插秧與機拋秧作業(yè)(不包含育秧、供秧服務)價格均為90元/畝,其中機插秧作業(yè)價格較去年上漲6元左右,同比增長7.16%。

  三、“雙搶”機械化作業(yè)成本變化情況
 
  從作業(yè)成本變化調查情況(見表4)可以看出,導致“雙搶”期間作業(yè)價格增長的主要因素為燃油成本和機手雇工費用的增加,涉及樣本數分別為670個和503個,分別占樣本總數的95.85%與71.96%;其次為機具及零配件購買、維修成本的增加,涉及樣本數為343個,占樣本總數的49.07%;機具保有量、供需信息對接等因素對于作業(yè)價格增長影響不大。

 

  (一)燃油價格情況。調查了696個樣本,從中位數來看,預計今年“雙搶”柴油價格為9元/L,同比上漲超過35%。
 
  (二)機手雇工費用情況。預計機手雇工費用增長的樣本數占樣本總數的92.13%。其中,預計增幅20%以上的樣本有228個,增幅10—20%的樣本有258個,增幅10%以內的樣本有158個。詳見表5。
 
 

 

  分析原因,人工成本連續(xù)增長和缺乏機械化作業(yè)水平較高的機手是導致機手雇工費用增長的主要因素,涉及樣本數分別為604個和471個,分別占樣本總數的86.41%與67.38%。詳見表6。
 
 

 

  (三)零配件供給情況。預計農業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的樣本數占樣本總數的85.41%。其中,預計增幅20%以上的樣本有133個,增幅10—20%的樣本有259個,增幅10%以內的樣本有205個。詳見表7。


 

  通過調查分析,零配件原材料價格與物流成本的增長是農業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的主要因素,涉及樣本數分別為567個和394個,分別占樣本總數的81.12%與56.37%。詳見表8。


 

  四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
  調查情況看,207個樣本明確表示準備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè),占樣本總數的29.61%;328個樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè),占樣本總數的46.92%;164個樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。詳見表9。

 

  五、面臨問題與建議
 
  調查中各地反映,今年“雙搶”生產面臨的主要問題是燃油價格走高和天氣問題,涉及樣本數分別為432個和145個,合計占樣本總數的82.55%。疫情防控對機械化作業(yè)服務的預期影響逐步減小,有關疫情影響各選項樣本數量差異不明顯。如表10、11所示。


 

  各地農機社會化服務組織的主要建議:187個樣本建議出臺相關政策,降低農機作業(yè)用油成本;64個樣本建議開展作業(yè)技能、安全生產等相關培訓,培養(yǎng)年輕機手;13個樣本建議開展農機作業(yè)供需信息發(fā)布,強化協調調度。
 
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