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2022年“三秋”機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢調(diào)查報告

2022-09-26 10:14:30 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司 閱讀量:17792 評論

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】近日,農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機械化總站針對“三秋”機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化,開展了電子問卷調(diào)查,并形成調(diào)查分析報告,現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。
 
  2022年“三秋”機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢調(diào)查報告
 
  為科學(xué)研判主要農(nóng)作物“三秋”機械化生產(chǎn)形勢,農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機械化總站開展了2022年“三秋”水稻、玉米、大豆、馬鈴薯、小麥等主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢電子問卷調(diào)查,有關(guān)情況如下。
 
  一、調(diào)查樣本基本情況
 
  本次調(diào)查采取網(wǎng)絡(luò)問卷形式,共對三十二個省(自治區(qū)、直轄市,新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團)3560個農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)組織進行了調(diào)查,具體樣本分布情況如表1所示。
 
  表1調(diào)查樣本分布情況
 
  從參加調(diào)查的主體情況看,自主經(jīng)營土地面積多在10000畝以下,涉及樣本3358個,占樣本總數(shù)的94.33%,其中,2000畝以下的占比為69.72%。全年機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)面積多處于50000畝次以下,涉及樣本3242個,占樣本總數(shù)的91.07%。各生產(chǎn)主體關(guān)于本年度“三秋”生產(chǎn)期間的預(yù)計作業(yè)服務(wù)面積以50000畝次以下為主,涉及樣本3269個,占樣本總數(shù)的91.83%。詳見表2。
 
  表2參與調(diào)查的生產(chǎn)主體樣本分布情況
 

       二、預(yù)計“三秋”生產(chǎn)期間機械化作業(yè)價格變化趨勢
 
  從調(diào)查情況看,“三秋”機械化作業(yè)價格較去年都有不同程度上漲(取中位數(shù))。
 
  (一)機收作業(yè)價格。預(yù)計水稻機收價格100元/畝,較去年上漲6元左右,同比增長6.16%;玉米機收價格為100元/畝,較去年上漲11元左右,同比增長11.79%;大豆機收價格為70元/畝,較去年上漲5元左右,同比增長7.69%;馬鈴薯機收價格為100元/畝,較去年上漲16元左右,同比增長19.05%。
 
  (二)烘干作業(yè)價格。預(yù)計水稻烘干作業(yè)價格為160元/噸,較去年上漲5元左右,同比增長5.88%;玉米烘干作業(yè)價格為160元/噸,較去年上漲18元左右,同比增長21.70%。
 
  (三)耕整地作業(yè)價格。預(yù)計機械化深松作業(yè)價格為50元/畝,較去年上漲12元左右,同比增長30.65%;機械化深翻作業(yè)價格為60元/畝,較去年上漲10元左右,同比增長20.64%;機械化旋耕作業(yè)價格為50元/畝,較去年上漲7元左右,同比增長16.28%。
 
  (四)機播作業(yè)價格情況。預(yù)計冬小麥機播價格為35元/畝,較去年上漲了2元左右,同比增長6.06%。
 
  三、“三秋”機械化作業(yè)價格變化情況
 
  從作業(yè)成本變化調(diào)查情況(見表3)可以看出,導(dǎo)致“三秋”期間作業(yè)價格增長的主要因素為燃油成本和機手雇工費用的增加,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為3322個和2440個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的93.31%與68.54%;其次為機具及零配件購買、維修成本的增加,涉及樣本數(shù)為1826個,占樣本總數(shù)的51.29%;機具保有量、供需信息對接等因素對于作業(yè)價格增長影響不大。
 
  表3“三秋”生產(chǎn)期間作業(yè)成本變化樣本分布情況
 
  (一)燃油價格情況。調(diào)查了3537個樣本,以中位數(shù)來看,預(yù)計今年“三秋”柴油價格為8元/L,同比上漲23.27%。
 
  (二)機手雇工費用情況。預(yù)計機手雇工費用增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的89.02%。其中,預(yù)計增幅20%以上的樣本有1182個,增幅10—20%的樣本有1199個,增幅10%以內(nèi)的樣本有788個。詳見表4。
 
  表4預(yù)計機手雇工費用同比變化樣本分布情況
 
  分析原因,人工成本連續(xù)增長和缺乏機械化作業(yè)水平較高的機手是導(dǎo)致機手雇工費用增長的主要因素,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為2967個和2239個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的83.34%與62.89%。詳見表5。
 
  表5機手雇工費用變化原因樣本分布情況
 
  (三)零配件供給情況。預(yù)計農(nóng)業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的85.00%。其中,預(yù)計增幅20%以上的樣本有749個,增幅10—20%的樣本有1256個,增幅10%以內(nèi)的樣本有1021個。詳見表6。
 
  表6預(yù)計農(nóng)業(yè)機械零配件購買價格同比變化樣本分布情況
 
  通過調(diào)查分析,零配件原材料價格與物流成本的增長是農(nóng)業(yè)機械零配件購買價格上漲的主要因素,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為2710個和1735個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的76.12%與48.74%。詳見表7。
 
  表7農(nóng)業(yè)機械零配件購買價格變化原因樣本分布情況
 

       四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
  從調(diào)查情況看,1230個樣本明確表示準備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè),占樣本總數(shù)的34.55%;1608個樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè),占樣本總數(shù)的45.17%;722個樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。詳見表8。
 
  表8跨區(qū)作業(yè)意向樣本分布情情況
 


       五、面臨問題與建議
 
  調(diào)查中各地反映,今年“三秋”生產(chǎn)主要面臨燃油價格較高和天氣問題,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為1667個和794個,合計占樣本總數(shù)的69.13%。疫情防控對機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)的預(yù)期影響主要在跨區(qū)作業(yè)服務(wù)和零配件物流運輸上,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為1184個和742個,合計占樣本總數(shù)的54.10%。詳見表9、10。
 
  表9“三秋”生產(chǎn)預(yù)計面臨的最大問題樣本分布情況
 
 
         表10疫情防控對機械化作業(yè)服務(wù)的最大影響樣本分布情況
 
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