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土地流轉(zhuǎn)中的現(xiàn)實性困局何解?

2018-06-20 16:51:52 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:44650 評論

導讀:隨著現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,農(nóng)村“空心化”問題也在日益嚴重,農(nóng)業(yè)的機械化和適度規(guī)模化已然是大勢所趨。在此背景下,國家支持鼓勵農(nóng)民通過轉(zhuǎn)包、轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股等多種方式出讓土地經(jīng)營權(quán),將承包地向?qū)I(yè)大戶、合作社等群體流轉(zhuǎn)。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】隨著現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,農(nóng)村“空心化”問題也在日益嚴重,農(nóng)業(yè)的機械化和適度規(guī)?;讶皇谴髣菟?。在此背景下,國家支持鼓勵農(nóng)民通過轉(zhuǎn)包、轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股等多種方式出讓土地經(jīng)營權(quán),將承包地向?qū)I(yè)大戶、合作社等群體流轉(zhuǎn)。
 
  對于不愿意待在農(nóng)村繼續(xù)從事農(nóng)業(yè)的人來說,土地流轉(zhuǎn)既避免了讓老家的耕地就此荒廢,又能夠沒有后顧之憂地外出從事其他工作,年底還能收到地租或者分紅;而對于土地流入方來說,這無疑為機械化、規(guī)?;霓r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供了便利,此外,還有土地流轉(zhuǎn)補貼的幫助;對于當?shù)卣w的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的益處更是不必說,土地資源優(yōu)化配置、合理布局帶來的收益也是清楚可見的。這么看來,這幾乎是個“皆大歡喜”的局面了。然而,事實上,在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中卻并不那么“皆大歡喜”。
 
  土地流轉(zhuǎn)中的糾紛與困局
 
  “熟人辦事好說話”并非空穴來風,我們國家歷來是一個“人情社會”,注重“禮尚往來”,有時甚至是禮大于法。而在農(nóng)村,熟人社會的特色則更加鮮明,以“關(guān)系”代替“契約”的例子比比皆是。在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中,普遍存在只定下口頭協(xié)議的現(xiàn)象,即便是簽訂了合同也有條款不明等問題,以至于權(quán)責不明為之后可能產(chǎn)生的糾紛埋下了隱患。
 
  對于很多流轉(zhuǎn)大戶而言,土地流轉(zhuǎn)為其規(guī)?;?、機械化經(jīng)營提供了奠定了基礎(chǔ),加之政策扶持和相關(guān)補助等的助推作用,可以說是“正想要打瞌睡送來了枕頭”。但是,在實際操作過程中,由于缺乏整體規(guī)劃布局,這場土地流轉(zhuǎn)的大戲后卻以許多流轉(zhuǎn)大戶紛紛退租或分片轉(zhuǎn)租甚至撂荒告終。趨利是人的本性,而在市場的作用下更是被無限放大。一旦看到流轉(zhuǎn)大戶的種植獲得了高額利益,很少有人能夠抵抗得了“跟風”的誘惑,然而,盲目跟風的后果由可能帶來的是市場供需失衡,“菜賤傷農(nóng)”的教訓也不少。
 
  而即便沒有盲目跟風,事實上也很難兼顧資源效益優(yōu)化與農(nóng)民收益大化。很多農(nóng)民在土地流轉(zhuǎn)的時候價格依然參照普通水稻種植定價,但是隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和鄉(xiāng)村三產(chǎn)融合發(fā)展的提速,土地的用途并不僅僅只是用作于種植水稻。那么,在這種情況下,種的是高價作物,定的是稻谷租金,部分農(nóng)民自然感覺未能獲得合理收入,糾紛就此產(chǎn)生。
 
  現(xiàn)實性困局如何破解?
 
  在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中合同無效化、內(nèi)容不規(guī)范、手續(xù)不齊問題依然存在。在簽訂土地流轉(zhuǎn)合同時,應(yīng)當填寫完整、注意日期問題、寫明糾紛處理辦法等明細,盡量減小糾紛發(fā)生的可能。同時,還應(yīng)切記“親兄弟明算賬”,口頭協(xié)議的方式不可取,只有簽訂合同才能在法律意義上保障自身利益。
 
  政府應(yīng)當參照科學依據(jù)和規(guī)范,制定更加合理的土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,盡量避免因缺乏合理規(guī)劃布局、盲目跟風搞土地流轉(zhuǎn)而造成的損失。各項有關(guān)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的相關(guān)措施和補貼政策,更是需要落實到位,真正做到“應(yīng)補盡補”。
 
  歸根結(jié)底,很多糾紛的產(chǎn)生都是建立在土地流轉(zhuǎn)雙方對于價格制定標準不對等的基礎(chǔ)上的。因此,完善定價服務(wù),提升農(nóng)村資源合理定價水平正是當前亟待解決的問題。應(yīng)當建立健全農(nóng)村資源定價機制,對各項定價服務(wù)加以細分;完善市場溝通機制,為土地流轉(zhuǎn)定價建立合理參照標準;提高農(nóng)民對于土地資源價值的有效認識,以及對于市場經(jīng)營需求不斷變化的及時跟進認識。
 
 
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