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論土地規(guī)模化經(jīng)營的必要性

2018-07-20 17:40:55 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:50802 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化是未來農(nóng)業(yè)的必然發(fā)展方向,縱觀歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家,甚至是日本,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的前提都是實(shí)現(xiàn)了規(guī)?;?,繼而是全面機(jī)械化作業(yè),統(tǒng)一管理。近年來,雖然我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平有了一定提高,但總體來看,全面推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化還受到一定阻礙。

  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化是未來農(nóng)業(yè)的必然發(fā)展方向,縱觀歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家,甚至是日本,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的前提都是實(shí)現(xiàn)了規(guī)?;?,繼而是全面機(jī)械化作業(yè),統(tǒng)一管理。近年來,雖然我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平有了一定提高,但總體來看,全面推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化還受到一定阻礙。
 
  人多地少是中國的國情,人多主要是農(nóng)民多,這決定了小農(nóng)戶的大量存在,“一畝三分地”情況極為普遍。一直以來,小規(guī)模的農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營占主要地位,小農(nóng)戶占農(nóng)民群體的大多數(shù)。小農(nóng)戶的大量存在,一是沒有足夠的資金購買大型農(nóng)機(jī)具,二是由于地塊小,小塊農(nóng)田不具備使用大型農(nóng)機(jī)具的條件,生產(chǎn)效率較低,規(guī)?;б娌桓?,農(nóng)民收入水平也不高。農(nóng)民種糧收益和外出務(wù)工收入的剪刀差不斷加大,大量農(nóng)民進(jìn)城務(wù)工,造成土地經(jīng)營分散、閑置、流動(dòng)性差,甚至拋荒,嚴(yán)重阻礙了我國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的進(jìn)程。因此,實(shí)現(xiàn)土地規(guī)?;?jīng)營是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的重要前提。
 
  去年黨的十九大提出土地承包到期后再延長三十年,無疑給農(nóng)民吃上了“定心丸”,保障了農(nóng)民對(duì)承包地占有、使用、收益、流轉(zhuǎn)和土地經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押、擔(dān)保等權(quán)利,將“不動(dòng)”的土地資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為“流動(dòng)”的活資產(chǎn),有力地促進(jìn)土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn),對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)土地規(guī)?;?jīng)營具有重要意義。
 
  同時(shí),今年開始,農(nóng)業(yè)直補(bǔ)政策也發(fā)生了變化,補(bǔ)貼對(duì)象原來是“只要是種地的農(nóng)民都能拿到糧食補(bǔ)貼”,現(xiàn)在對(duì)“只要是種地農(nóng)民”進(jìn)行了細(xì)分,主要看是不是有耕地承包權(quán),因?yàn)楹芏噢r(nóng)民土地流轉(zhuǎn)出去還一直想領(lǐng)取補(bǔ)貼,本該屬于土地流入方的補(bǔ)貼,讓流出方拿去了,這樣對(duì)土地流入方是不公平的,補(bǔ)貼政策改變后提高了土地流入方的承包積極性,有利于種糧大戶、農(nóng)村合作社等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體的形成,從而推動(dòng)土地規(guī)?;?jīng)營。
 
  另外,近年來農(nóng)村“空心化”現(xiàn)象越來越嚴(yán)重,大量青壯年到城市務(wù)工,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力日益減少,導(dǎo)致部分農(nóng)戶直接放棄了種地,也就是所謂的拋荒,勞動(dòng)力成本高是農(nóng)戶拋荒的直接原因。因此,加快推進(jìn)土地流轉(zhuǎn),把閑置的土地集中到種糧大戶、合作社等經(jīng)營主體手上,不僅能解放勞動(dòng)力、提高土地利用效率,更能加快土地規(guī)?;?jīng)營、加快實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)全面機(jī)械化。
 
  據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),截止目前,我國土地流轉(zhuǎn)面積已經(jīng)達(dá)到了 4.71 億畝,占家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包的耕地比例達(dá)到近 36%。同時(shí)伴隨著土地流轉(zhuǎn)的持續(xù)推進(jìn),我國家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體競(jìng)相發(fā)展,總量達(dá)到 280 萬個(gè);同時(shí),新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民不斷壯大,總數(shù)超過1270 萬人。在此趨勢(shì)下,我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展進(jìn)程將不斷加快,由農(nóng)業(yè)大國走向農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國的步伐也將隨之提速。
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