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無人機飛往巴西上空,助力豆農(nóng)防病增產(chǎn)

2022-08-12 08:42:47 來源:DJI大疆農(nóng)業(yè) 閱讀量:20895 評論

導讀:大豆銹病主要發(fā)生在東半球熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū),但近年來在南美洲出現(xiàn)了逐步擴大的趨勢。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】我國是大豆起源國,種植歷史已超 2000 年,而相比之下,巴西在大豆種植上,起步要晚得多。20 世紀 50 年代,出于土壤改良的目的,巴西開始試種大豆,但產(chǎn)量一直偏低。然而在近 70 年的發(fā)展中,巴西不斷地對種子以及種植方法進行改良,讓這一作物適應(yīng)了當?shù)氐臍夂蚣巴寥馈?br /> 
  如今,巴西已成為與美國并駕齊驅(qū)的大豆生產(chǎn)國與出口國,巴西大豆目前已能供給全球 10 億人食用,大豆種植業(yè)及加工業(yè)也已成為了巴西經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要支柱。

  蔓延全國的大豆銹病
 
  艾默生·納迪諾是巴西圣卡塔琳娜州的一名大豆種植園園主,為了實現(xiàn)提質(zhì)增產(chǎn),他每年都在摸索如何提高田間管理質(zhì)量,而大豆銹病的防治就是當中最為重要的課題之一。
 
  大豆銹病主要發(fā)生在東半球熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū),但近年來在南美洲出現(xiàn)了逐步擴大的趨勢。巴西大豆銹病病原分為亞洲型和美洲型兩種,其中美洲型為當?shù)刂饕餍械牟≡?br /> 
  大豆銹病主要侵染葉片、葉柄和莖,嚴重的情況下則會影響到全株,使葉片變黃脫落,形成癟莢。大豆整個生育期內(nèi)均能被侵染,在發(fā)病初期,葉片上出現(xiàn)灰褐色小點,隨后病斑擴大呈黃褐色、紅褐、紫褐色及黑褐色病斑,在有利的傳播條件下,大豆銹病甚至能毀掉將近 90% 的收成。
 
  2001 年美洲型大豆銹病病原首次在巴西巴拉那州發(fā)現(xiàn),如今已遍布巴西大部分地區(qū)。據(jù)巴西大豆種植者協(xié)會(APROSOJA)統(tǒng)計,在大豆銹病剛被發(fā)現(xiàn)的前兩年,整個巴西由該病害引起的產(chǎn)量損失達 401.1 萬噸,價值 8.8 億美元。
 
無人機防治,每公頃多產(chǎn) 1.2 噸
 
  如今,科學家與農(nóng)戶在和大豆銹病的抗爭中開發(fā)出了多個有效的方法和策略,包括選用抗病品種,營造良好的排水條件以及每年 6 月 15 日開始實施 90 天的休耕期等等。但當中最為重要的,依然是加強田間管理,適時噴灑藥物。
 
  為了探索更為先進的大豆防治方案,艾默生·納迪諾在 2021 年選擇使用大疆農(nóng)業(yè)無人機進行噴灑作業(yè)。
 
  艾默生·納迪諾表示,在他們山區(qū),大疆 T16 農(nóng)業(yè)無人機每天可以噴灑 40 公頃(約 600 畝),每個小時可噴灑 5~6 公頃(約 75~90 畝)。
 
  “這一點非常重要,因為對于大豆銹病的防治來說,及時、迅速的藥物噴灑是關(guān)鍵,農(nóng)業(yè)無人機的靈活性則能夠滿足這一需求。”艾默生·納迪諾說道。
 
  在使用大疆植保無人機之前,艾默生·納迪諾使用拖拉機進行打藥。他們曾統(tǒng)計過,使用拖拉機打藥,由于軋苗,會造成大約 5%~7% 的損失,而使用無人機打藥,則不存在上述問題。
 
  在作業(yè)效果上,艾默生·納迪諾表示大疆 T16 農(nóng)業(yè)無人機的噴灑效果要相比傳統(tǒng)的噴灑方式更為均勻。而作業(yè)效果最終也反映在了產(chǎn)量上:在使用無人機后,每公頃的產(chǎn)量要相比過往高約 1.2 噸。
 
  另外,每遇降雨,拖拉機輪子容易陷入泥地并發(fā)生打滑,在山區(qū)作業(yè)存在安全隱患。無人機作業(yè)不僅避免了此類危險的發(fā)生,還能減少操作員與藥物的接觸,極大的提升了作業(yè)安全性。
 
兼顧效率與環(huán)保,助力拉美農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展
 
  艾默生·納迪諾表示,使用大疆農(nóng)業(yè)無人機作業(yè),除了降本增效,還起到了保護環(huán)境的作用。
 
  使用直升機或固定翼飛機打藥,由于無法在作業(yè)過程中規(guī)避非作物區(qū)域,同時飛行高度較高,很有可能對周邊環(huán)境造成極大的污染。而使用農(nóng)業(yè)無人機則可以同時兼顧效率與環(huán)境保護。
 
  談及農(nóng)業(yè)無人機在當?shù)氐陌l(fā)展前景時,艾默生·納迪諾表示很有信心:“對于中小型農(nóng)場來說,農(nóng)業(yè)無人機可以替代傳統(tǒng)的作業(yè)方式,提升作業(yè)效率。對于大型農(nóng)場來說,農(nóng)業(yè)無人機可以覆蓋直升飛機和拖拉機覆蓋不到的地方,能起到很好的補充作用。”
 
  在“一帶一路”的戰(zhàn)略下,大疆農(nóng)業(yè)將技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品輸送到拉美國家,助力拉美國家農(nóng)業(yè)科技的應(yīng)用與提升,為拉美農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了新的機遇,共同推進全球農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
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