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藏糧于地、藏糧于技:中國“飯碗”是如何牢牢端在自己手里的?

2020-11-05 16:20:31 來源:農機網原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:56933 評論

導讀:國以民為本,民以食為天,中國人的飯碗必須牢牢端在自己手里。此次雙季稻畝產突破1500斤,在糧食安全上給國人吃了一顆“定心丸”。

  【農機網 編輯視角】11月2日,位于湖南省衡南縣的第三代雜交水稻新組合試驗示范基地迎來晚稻測產,測得晚稻平均畝產為911.7公斤。加上此前7月份在同一基地測得的早稻平均畝產619.06公斤,由“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平團隊研發(fā)的雜交水稻雙季畝產達到了1530.76公斤,再一次刷新了紀錄。#袁隆平團隊雙季稻畝產破1500公斤#和#袁隆平爺爺高興得像個孩子#也登上了熱搜,成為了大家討論的熱點話題。
 
  雙季稻畝產3000斤意味著什么?袁隆平表示“這意味著可以多養(yǎng)活5個人”、“要把這種經驗向全國推廣開來,為國家的糧食增產做出新的貢獻”。
 
  國以民為本,民以食為天,中國人的飯碗必須牢牢端在自己手里。此次雙季稻畝產突破1500斤,在糧食安全上給國人吃了一顆“定心丸”。今年受疫情和其他各種因素的影響,很多人擔心我國的糧食安全問題,其實這是沒有必要的。我國糧食總產量已經連續(xù)5年穩(wěn)定在1.3萬億斤以上,今年秋糧豐收已成定局,全年糧食產量有望高位增加,今年將又是一個豐收年。加上袁隆平團隊傳來的這個好消息,今后的糧食產量必將會繼續(xù)增加。
 

  今年疫情和災害頻發(fā),取得豐收成績實屬不易。那么國人的“飯碗”是如何被穩(wěn)穩(wěn)端牢的?是什么保障了我國的糧食安全?
 
  早在2015年,“十三五”規(guī)劃建議就提出,堅持嚴格的耕地保護制度,堅守耕地紅線,實施藏糧于地、藏糧于技戰(zhàn)略,提高糧食產能,確保谷物基本自給、口糧安全。今年是“十三五”規(guī)劃的收官之年,“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略的深入實施,讓農業(yè)基礎設施進一步加強,糧食生產能力和供給能力穩(wěn)步提升,國家糧食安全根基進一步夯實,為中國經濟社會發(fā)展發(fā)揮了“壓艙石”作用。
 
  藏糧于地:像保護大熊貓一樣保護耕地
 
  地少人多是我國的基本國情,耕地人均占有量還不到世界水平的三分一,在這種情況下要保障14億人吃飽飯,保護耕地就成了重中之重。因此國家實行了嚴格的耕地保護制度,嚴守18億畝耕地紅線,全面落實基本農田特殊保護制度。同時,通過科學劃定糧食生產功能區(qū)和大豆等重要農產品生產保護區(qū),實施全國高標準農田建設總體規(guī)劃,改造中低產田,將“藏糧于地”舉措穩(wěn)步推進。
 
  此外,國家今年啟動了東北黑土地保護性耕作行動計劃,在東北四省(區(qū))適宜區(qū)域全面推廣應用保護性耕作。據(jù)農業(yè)農村部數(shù)據(jù),今年東北四省(區(qū))共投入1.6萬個農機服務組織、4.1萬臺免耕播種機,在保護性耕作區(qū)域開展免(少)耕播種作業(yè)4606萬畝,超額完成4000萬畝年度任務;建設了38個整體推進縣,實施面積2892萬畝,占總實施面積的63%;打造了82個縣級、282個鄉(xiāng)級高標準應用基地;在典型區(qū)域設立了72個長期固定監(jiān)測點,進一步強化了土壤數(shù)據(jù)采集分析和作業(yè)效果實時監(jiān)控能力。與傳統(tǒng)耕作地塊對比,今年實施保護性耕作的地塊,保水保土抗旱優(yōu)勢明顯,作物長勢普遍良好,預計可順利實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)產增產??梢哉f,行動計劃實施取得了階段性成效。
 
  藏糧于技:為糧食生產插上科技的翅膀
 
  在確保了耕地數(shù)量和質量后,提高糧食產量、增加糧食產能、增強糧食保供能力,便是“藏糧于技”,這離不開農業(yè)技術的創(chuàng)新、推廣和應用。袁隆平及其團隊研究的雜交水稻和“海水稻”等各種高科技的研發(fā)應用,都是農業(yè)科技進步為糧食安全帶來的“定心丸”。
 
  除此之外,農業(yè)機械的廣泛應用和高標準農田的大力建設也是重要因素。據(jù)農業(yè)農村部數(shù)據(jù),近年來我國農業(yè)機械物質裝備水平加快提升,全國農業(yè)機械總動力已達到達到10.28億千瓦。當前已建成453個主要農作物生產全程機械化示范縣,丘陵山區(qū)農田宜機化改造加快推進,農作物耕種收機械化率超過70%,畜牧養(yǎng)殖和水產養(yǎng)殖機械化率分別達到34%和30%,農業(yè)機械化正在從耕種收環(huán)節(jié)向植保、秸稈處理、烘干等全程延伸拓展;高標準農田方面,到“十三五”期末,已完成8億畝旱澇保收、高產穩(wěn)產的高標準農田建設任務,農業(yè)抗災減災能力顯著增強,畝均糧食產能提高約100公斤。
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