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未來，你吃的蔬菜水果可能全都來自智能化控制的現(xiàn)代溫室

2020-07-01 16:33:37 來源：農機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：46222 評論

導讀：在政策扶持下，到2025年我國設施種植機械化水平總體將達到50%以上。所以，用不了幾年，或許你吃的水果蔬菜就是從智能化溫室里“非人工”種出的“高科技”農產(chǎn)品。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 我們知道，當前我國農業(yè)生產(chǎn)已從主要依靠人力畜力轉向主要依靠機械動力，進入了機械化為主導的新階段。近年來大田作物機械化發(fā)展形勢喜人，2019年全國農作物耕種收綜合機械化率已超過70%，而設施農業(yè)機械化率卻不足40%。因此，實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，推進農業(yè)農村現(xiàn)代化，對設施農業(yè)高質量發(fā)展提出了新的更高要求。
 
　　設施農業(yè)對滿足我國居民一年四季“菜籃子”需求有著重要意義。今年疫情突如其來，全國人民統(tǒng)一居家，而“菜籃子”能夠穩(wěn)定供給，離不開我國地大物博、設施農業(yè)已成規(guī)模。另一方面，設施農業(yè)也已成為發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農業(yè)、促進農民增收、繁榮農村經(jīng)濟的“朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)”“民生產(chǎn)業(yè)”和“富民產(chǎn)業(yè)”。
 
　　此外，我國自然災害種類多、頻率高、分布范圍廣，洪澇、臺風、干旱、低溫雨雪等災害時間較為集中，對種植業(yè)有很大的安全影響。今年6月25日河北保定多地遭遇冰雹災害的視頻在網(wǎng)上熱傳，眾多農民露天種植的蔬菜水果等紛紛被毀，令人惋惜。因此，推廣使用設施大棚，普及設施農業(yè)機械裝備，在眼下也顯得尤為迫切。

 
　　6月27日，農業(yè)農村部印發(fā)了《關于加快推進設施種植機化發(fā)展的意見》(以下簡稱《意見》)，明確提出要大力推進設施布局標準化、設施建造宜機化、生產(chǎn)作業(yè)機械化、設施裝備智能化和生產(chǎn)服務社會化。這是我國對推進設施種植機械化作出系統(tǒng)部署，是推進農業(yè)機械化向全程全面發(fā)展的一個重要行動。
 
　　在推進設施農業(yè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)機械化和裝備智能化上，《意見》提出，加大設施種植裝備科技創(chuàng)新投入力度，支持產(chǎn)學研推用協(xié)同攻關，突破精量播種、育苗嫁接、移栽和收獲等環(huán)節(jié)技術裝備短板。加快提升環(huán)境調控、植保作業(yè)的機械化水平，推廣普及土地耕整、灌溉施肥技術裝備。推動電動運輸、水肥一體化設施以及多功能作業(yè)平臺等與溫室結構集成配套。加力推廣尾菜、植株秸稈、殘膜等資源化高效利用技術裝備，實現(xiàn)設施種植清潔生產(chǎn)。開展聯(lián)合攻關，加快選育、推廣宜機化設施專用品種，示范推廣宜機化種植技術模式，推進各環(huán)節(jié)機具裝備的協(xié)同配套，積極構建區(qū)域化、標準化的設施種植全程機械化技術體系，促使良種、良法、良機配套，為機械化生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造良好條件。有條件的地區(qū)要率先實現(xiàn)設施種植全程機械化。
 
　　同時要加快信息化和機械化融合，推廣環(huán)境自動調控、水肥一體化智能控制和作物生長信息監(jiān)測等技術，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提升設施種植機械化水平。加大科技攻關力度，重點突破設施種植裝備專用傳感器、自動作業(yè)、精準作業(yè)和智能運維管理等關鍵技術裝備，研制嫁接、授粉、巡檢、采收等農業(yè)機器人和全自動植物工廠，實現(xiàn)信息在線感知、精細生產(chǎn)管控、高效運維管理。
 
　　其實，荷蘭、美國、澳大利亞等發(fā)達國家設施農業(yè)早已實現(xiàn)了機械化，生產(chǎn)效率和單位產(chǎn)出率較高，正在向立體種養(yǎng)、無土栽培以及自動化、信息化方向邁進。在這一點上，我國與發(fā)達國家差距較大，舉例來說，我國日光溫室番茄高產(chǎn)水平約為22公斤/平方米，只相當于荷蘭溫室番茄平均產(chǎn)量的43%。因此，補短板、強弱項、促協(xié)調是當前我國設施農業(yè)發(fā)展的重點。
 
　　在政策扶持下，到2025年我國設施種植機械化水平總體將達到50%以上。所以，用不了幾年，或許你吃的水果蔬菜就是從智能化溫室里“非人工”種出的“高科技”農產(chǎn)品。

上一篇： 大力推進設施農業(yè)機械化（二）：補貼政策都有哪些？

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