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大蒜又漲價了!如何穩(wěn)定大蒜價格?

2019-05-29 16:38:09 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:48193 評論

導讀:近日,隨著夏天的到來,水果價格大幅走高,眾多網(wǎng)友大呼“吃不起水果了”、“實現(xiàn)不了水果自由”。然而,除了水果漲價,讓農(nóng)民關心的還有一樣——大蒜。據(jù)悉,今年以來,全國大蒜價格持續(xù)走高。5月28日,北京新發(fā)地農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場大蒜批發(fā)平均價為8元/公斤,比1月1日的4.5元/公斤大幅上漲了77.8%。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】 近日,隨著夏天的到來,水果價格大幅走高,眾多網(wǎng)友大呼“吃不起水果了”、“實現(xiàn)不了水果自由”。然而,除了水果漲價,讓農(nóng)民關心的還有一樣——大蒜。據(jù)悉,今年以來,全國大蒜價格持續(xù)走高。5月28日,北京新發(fā)地農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場大蒜批發(fā)平均價為8元/公斤,比1月1日的4.5元/公斤大幅上漲了77.8%。

  多年來,大蒜的價格不止牽動蒜農(nóng)的心,可以說每次大蒜價格的暴漲暴跌都關系著我們每一個人。據(jù)專家介紹,今年大蒜價格雖高于去年,但上漲空間有限,并不會迎來非理性暴漲。那么今年大蒜這次漲價又是什么原因?qū)е碌哪兀?br /> 
  種植面積少、人工成本高
 
  據(jù)悉,受2017、2018年大蒜種植面積持續(xù)增長,蒜價大幅下跌影響,大部分農(nóng)戶收入微薄,部分農(nóng)戶入不敷出,在這種情況下,農(nóng)戶壓縮了今年大蒜的種植面積。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2019年全國大蒜主產(chǎn)區(qū)11個省份102個縣(市、區(qū))種植面積為598.69萬畝,其中金鄉(xiāng)縣52.39萬畝,同比減少18.8%。專家估計2019年全國大蒜減種幅度在15%左右。供應減少,導致了今年大蒜價格逐漸走高。
 
  除此之外,人工成本居高不下也是原因之一。山東金鄉(xiāng)縣是我國重要的大蒜生產(chǎn)基地,素有“中華蒜都”之稱。據(jù)當?shù)厮廪r(nóng)稱,大蒜從種到收,每畝需要人工14個以上,用工成本1500元左右,每人每天只能挖3分地。如果趕上大蒜行情不好,賣蒜錢甚至還不夠人工費用。
 
  大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)一直是山東省特色經(jīng)濟作物之一,種植面積達600萬畝,加工出口量在80萬噸,分別占全國的50.3%和70.2%,是當之無愧的大蒜省。但是,大蒜種植密度高、機械化程度低,需要大量的人工投入,“無機可用”問題已嚴重影響了蒜農(nóng)種蒜的積極性。大蒜生產(chǎn)過程的機械化水平低也成為制約大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效和一二三產(chǎn)融合的瓶頸問題。
 
  據(jù)山東省農(nóng)機技術推廣站站長江平介紹,實現(xiàn)大蒜全程機械化,每畝可降低人工成本支出700元以上,這不僅能提高蒜農(nóng)收益、解決勞動力短缺問題,更能把蒜農(nóng)從繁重體力勞動中解放出來。因此筆者認為,從一定程度上來說,提高大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化水平對穩(wěn)定大蒜價格有一定作用。
 
  大蒜機械化更進一步,山東將大蒜播種機納入農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品補貼
 
  山東作為大蒜大省,一直以來致力于提升大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化水平。據(jù)悉,2018年以來,山東省農(nóng)機管理局與省財政廳積極推動農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)應用推進重大工程項目,積極做好農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新工作。目前,項目支持研發(fā)的大蒜播種機納入農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品補貼試點范圍,按照銷售價格30%的比例進行補貼,進一步促進大蒜生產(chǎn)全程機械化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。
 
  今年5月15日,山東省大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化技術推廣田間日暨培訓班在金鄉(xiāng)縣舉辦,活動以大蒜播種和收獲機化為主題,共有8家企業(yè)20余臺套機具參與演示及展示,基本滿足了全省不同地區(qū)大蒜機械化生產(chǎn)需求。在作業(yè)演示現(xiàn)場,大蒜正芽、平芽、自走式正芽等播種機,以及前置挖掘式、聯(lián)合式、打捆式等不同類型的大蒜收獲機,依次進行了作業(yè)演示和展示,大蒜正芽播種機、切莖式大蒜收獲機、切莖切胡式小型大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機成為演示亮點,引起大家廣泛關注和熱烈討論。
 
  除此之外,5月17日,江蘇省農(nóng)機技術推廣站在邳州市也舉辦了江蘇全省大蒜機械化現(xiàn)場觀摩會,觀摩現(xiàn)場進行了4臺大蒜播種機、7臺大蒜收獲機的作業(yè)演示及其他大蒜機具展示。據(jù)悉,目前江蘇省大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化已進入從無到有、從弱到好、機藝融合的快速發(fā)展過程,播種環(huán)節(jié)實現(xiàn)了從無序播種到正芽播種機械化,收獲環(huán)節(jié)從分段式收獲到實現(xiàn)剪苔剪根一體化聯(lián)合收獲,大蒜播種、收獲機械裝備從引進試驗到省內(nèi)企業(yè)自主研制,初步形成了標準行距、畦高的大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化技術規(guī)范。
 
  結(jié)語:隨著當前我國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機械化發(fā)展力度的加大,全國各大蒜適宜種植地區(qū)積極出臺政策扶持大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化,并加大示范推廣力度,薄弱環(huán)節(jié)裝備技術也取得一定突破,各地大蒜生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術體系、作業(yè)模式、技術模式不斷構(gòu)建。推動大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化邁上新的臺階,不僅能穩(wěn)定大蒜價格,讓蒜農(nóng)增產(chǎn)增收,更能為我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級提供有力支持。
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