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大蒜機械化收割助“蒜農(nóng)”增收

2018-07-28 14:23:05 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:34664 評論

導讀:當前,我國糧食作物生產(chǎn)已基本上實現(xiàn)了機械化,但經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)的機械化水平還有待提高。大蒜作為我國重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一,在市場上一直占據(jù)著重要地位,我國作為大蒜的大生產(chǎn)國,大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化尤其重要。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 當前,我國糧食作物生產(chǎn)已基本上實現(xiàn)了機械化,但經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)的機械化水平還有待提高。大蒜作為我國重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一,在市場上一直占據(jù)著重要地位,我國作為大蒜的大生產(chǎn)國,大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化尤其重要。
 
  山東成武縣:大蒜農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝“無縫嫁接”
 
  大蒜是山東成武縣大經(jīng)濟作物,每年種植規(guī)模都在40萬畝以上。但是,由于大蒜適宜收獲期短,人工作業(yè)強度大、效率低、用工多,嚴重影響了蒜農(nóng)種蒜積極性,制約了大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。為解決人工收蒜勞動強度大,用工成本高,作業(yè)效率低等問題,成武縣農(nóng)機局加大機具引進、試驗、示范和推廣工作力度,實現(xiàn)了大蒜農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝“無縫嫁接”,取得了較好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。
 
  一是政策扶持進一步利用好購機補貼資金的拉動作用,將大蒜收獲機作為經(jīng)濟作物機械補貼重點,引導農(nóng)民購買大蒜收獲機。
 
  二是搞好農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝結(jié)合。在項目實施區(qū)域,栽種大蒜時按照機械化收獲的要求進行統(tǒng)一整地、施肥、筑畦,精細整地作畦。選好適宜當?shù)刈鳂I(yè)的機型,搞好現(xiàn)場演示,切實起到示范帶動作用。
 
  三是進一步加強技術創(chuàng)新,狠抓機具選型、定型工作,總結(jié)形成了適合不同地域、不同種植方式的大蒜機械化收獲模式。
 
  四是要加強示范推廣。進行平作和套種兩種模式下的作業(yè)演示,激發(fā)群眾的極大興趣,加快示范基地建設步伐,使農(nóng)機化新技術在示范基地上得到充分顯示。
 
  新疆吉木薩爾縣:機械化收割大蒜助農(nóng)民增收
 
  眼下,正是山區(qū)紅皮大蒜集中收獲的季節(jié),吉木薩爾縣農(nóng)機局急農(nóng)民所急、想農(nóng)民所想,上門推廣大蒜機械化生產(chǎn)技術。7月17日,在吉木薩爾縣泉子街鎮(zhèn)小西溝村村民楊建明家的大蒜地里,他正開著小四輪用前置大蒜收獲機現(xiàn)場起挖他家種植的6畝紅皮大蒜。
 
  楊建明介紹說,今年大蒜長勢良好,喜獲豐收。往年,他只能靠人工收獲,經(jīng)過拋挖、剪莖、剪頭、裝袋等步驟,費工又費時,同時雇人收獲所付的工費在所有成本中就占了大頭。
 
  今年,為充分發(fā)揮大蒜收獲機的作用,提高生產(chǎn)效率,確保安全生產(chǎn),該縣農(nóng)機局組織技術人員深入田間地頭,向群眾詳細講解大蒜機械收獲技術要點和機具的使用、調(diào)整、保養(yǎng)等方面的知識,并現(xiàn)場進行大蒜收獲演示。這種新型的大蒜收獲機通過小四輪拖拉機動力傳輸,帶動特制的雙導向、分離式切刀破土、切根作業(yè),一根根平整的大蒜便收獲在田間,不僅保證了蒜頭的品質(zhì),降低了傷蒜率,而且其功耗低、效率高、是人工收獲速度的60倍以上。
 
  “以后我們會逐步推廣大蒜全程機械化種植,這樣每畝可節(jié)約成本千元以上,可以有效緩解山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)種蒜人力不足、勞動強度大等現(xiàn)狀,這樣也有利于促進種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。”吉木薩爾縣農(nóng)機局工程師何雄才說。
 
  吉木薩爾縣山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)種植的紅皮大蒜個大、質(zhì)優(yōu)、享譽疆內(nèi)外。今年近3000畝大蒜喜獲豐收,按照每畝地7000元左右的收益來算,僅大蒜一項,就可為當?shù)剞r(nóng)民增收2100萬元左右。
 
  結(jié)語
 
  受市場等多方因素的影響,大蒜的行情一直不穩(wěn)定,忽高忽低的價格讓蒜農(nóng)把握不準下一年的種植面積,再加上大蒜的生產(chǎn)成本中很大一部分都來自于人工成本,雇傭工人挖蒜的價格在持續(xù)上升,因此大力推廣大蒜機械化收割,既能在一定程度上提高大蒜的生產(chǎn)效率、節(jié)約勞動力成本,同時還能穩(wěn)定市場,助力農(nóng)民增收。
 
  本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,菏澤市農(nóng)機局、昌吉日報,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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