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香蕉臺風(fēng)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2024-09-11 08:52:43 來源:全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:16990 評論

導(dǎo)讀:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、國家香蕉產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系,研究提出香蕉臺風(fēng)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo)意見。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 近日,受超強(qiáng)臺風(fēng)“摩羯”影響,海南、廣東香蕉產(chǎn)區(qū)出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)風(fēng)雨,局地香蕉受災(zāi)較重。為指導(dǎo)受災(zāi)產(chǎn)區(qū)科學(xué)開展災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn),最大限度減輕災(zāi)害影響,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、國家香蕉產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系,研究提出香蕉臺風(fēng)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo)意見。
 
  全面評估受災(zāi)程度
 
  臺風(fēng)過后,應(yīng)立即全面檢查香蕉植株的倒伏、折斷、葉片損壞、根系受損等情況。同時,記錄排水系統(tǒng)、支撐設(shè)施、灌溉設(shè)施的受損情況。按照輕度、中度、重度劃分受災(zāi)區(qū)。輕度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為植株傾斜或輕度倒伏、根系未嚴(yán)重受損、葉片部分撕裂。中度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為植株部分倒伏、莖稈受損但未折斷、根系部分裸露或受損、葉片嚴(yán)重撕裂。重度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為植株完全倒伏或莖稈折斷、根系大部分受損。
 
  暢通排水全面消殺
 
  對輕中度受災(zāi)園區(qū),及時開溝排水,降低地下水位和土壤濕度,防止根系缺氧腐爛。排水后適當(dāng)松土,提高土壤透氣性,加快根系恢復(fù)。高濕條件下,受傷葉片易傳播香蕉葉斑病和黑星病,應(yīng)及時全園噴施殺菌劑。第1次可采用苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯、春雷霉素等治療性藥劑噴施葉片、假莖以及根部。10天后再噴一次代森錳鋅等保護(hù)性殺菌劑。噴藥時注意葉背、葉面均要噴到。受傷蕉園易發(fā)生象鼻蟲危害,應(yīng)及早清理蕉園,預(yù)防發(fā)生。
 
  扶正樹體培固根系
 
  對輕度受災(zāi)園區(qū),用竹竿、木樁等支撐傾斜或倒伏植株,支撐桿應(yīng)與地面呈45°斜插,固定在植株莖桿的1/3至1/2處,固牢支撐點,防止再次倒伏。對中度受災(zāi)園區(qū),扶正倒伏或嚴(yán)重傾斜植株后及時培土,增強(qiáng)植株根系的抓地力,培土?xí)r可混施有機(jī)肥或腐熟農(nóng)家肥,促進(jìn)根系恢復(fù)。扶正后,避免過度修剪損壞嚴(yán)重的葉片和莖稈。對莖稈有裂痕或輕微斷裂的植株,修剪至健康部位。同時,噴涂石灰、硫磺粉或波爾多液等,進(jìn)行傷口消毒,防止病菌感染。
 
  肥料運籌促進(jìn)生長
 
  對輕度受災(zāi)園區(qū),適量施用速效復(fù)合肥或有機(jī)肥,并結(jié)合葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀,促進(jìn)葉片恢復(fù)和新芽萌發(fā)。對中度受災(zāi)園區(qū),施用復(fù)合微生物肥料以及氨基酸、腐殖酸、海藻酸等產(chǎn)品,刺激香蕉根部再生長,增加根部有益微生物菌群,增強(qiáng)植株抗逆性和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)力。同時,配施低濃度鉀肥、鈣肥,每隔7—10天施1次,連續(xù)施3次。除進(jìn)行根系施肥外,還應(yīng)噴施葉面肥,如0.3%磷酸二氫鉀溶液,每7—10天一次,連續(xù)噴施2—3次。
 
  重建園區(qū)恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)
 
  對于重度受災(zāi)園區(qū),植株存活概率低,應(yīng)立即拔除完全倒伏、莖稈折斷、根系嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞的植株。及時將病殘體清理出田間,以防病害擴(kuò)散,使用石灰或多菌靈等,對受災(zāi)區(qū)域土壤進(jìn)行消毒處理。拔除后的空地,可重新種植香蕉苗,優(yōu)先選擇留芽,適當(dāng)密植增強(qiáng)植株抗風(fēng)性。若植株較小或為新留吸芽,球莖未受損的,可沿折斷處45°斜切假莖,待追加養(yǎng)分后可重新長出新葉。球莖受損的,應(yīng)及時在旁邊挖芽補(bǔ)種。
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