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甘肅會寧:農(nóng)機化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與建議

2024-04-25 09:18:49 來源:甘肅省會寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化服務(wù)中心 薛俊武 李錦霞 閱讀量:20371 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,會寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化保持了較快發(fā)展的態(tài)勢,農(nóng)機裝備總量持續(xù)增長 ,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化 ,運行的質(zhì)量和效益進一步提高。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 摘要 :為加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化,提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率 ,針對甘肅省會寧縣農(nóng)機化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出當(dāng)前農(nóng)機化發(fā)展過程中面臨的主要突出問題,從落實產(chǎn)業(yè)急需機具、推進宜機化改造工作、改善農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)環(huán)境等方面提出相關(guān)建議,推動農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 。
 
  關(guān)鍵詞 : 會寧 ;農(nóng)業(yè)機械化 ;高質(zhì)量發(fā)展
 
  1.會寧縣概況及農(nóng)機化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
 
  會寧縣地處西北黃土高原、青藏高原交接帶,土地構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,多以變質(zhì)巖和花崗巖為基底,其上廣泛沉積第三系紅層和第四系黃土,局部地段出露石灰系、侏羅系和白堊系地層。地勢南高北低,由東南向西北傾斜,梁峁起伏、溝壑縱橫。南部、中部為山地,多屬黃土堆積侵蝕長梁、梁峁地貌;北部多為川、塬地,為梁峁頂面殘塬和河流切割成的溝谷地階地貌。全縣山地面積為174萬畝,占總面積的77 %;川地面積為31萬畝,占總面積的13.72%;塬地面積 20萬畝,占總面積的9.28 %。會寧縣是典型的山區(qū)縣 。
 
  近年來,會寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化保持了較快發(fā)展的態(tài)勢,農(nóng)機裝備總量持續(xù)增長 ,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化 ,運行的質(zhì)量和效益進一步提高,總體上呈現(xiàn)出四個特點。
 
  1.1農(nóng)機裝備總量快速增長。在國家農(nóng)機購置補貼政策拉動下,全縣農(nóng)機裝備總量持續(xù)增加,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,動力機械大中型化趨勢加快,丘陵山區(qū)特色機具增長迅速。全縣農(nóng)機總動力達到67.7440萬千瓦,比十年前2014年37.0767萬千瓦增長82.71%。拖拉機達到25571臺,比十年前2014年16183臺增長58.01%。其中大中型(30馬力以上)拖拉機達到3948臺,比十年前2014年174臺翻了22倍;拖拉機配套農(nóng)具達到61673臺,比十年前2014年174臺翻了22倍,機具配套比達到1:2.4;聯(lián)合收獲機達到137臺,比十年前2014年4臺翻了34倍;馬鈴薯、中藥材、林果、畜牧養(yǎng)殖、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機械、智能農(nóng)機保有量快速增長。十年期間,全縣累計落實中央和省級農(nóng)機購置補貼資金10743萬元,補貼各類農(nóng)機具32174萬臺,受益農(nóng)戶21893戶,拉動農(nóng)民和經(jīng)營組織投入25067萬元。開展農(nóng)機報廢更新補貼,報廢淘汰耗能高、污染重、安全性能低的老舊農(nóng)業(yè)機械36臺。歷年主要農(nóng)業(yè)機械擁有量如表1所示
 
  表1 會寧縣2014——2023年主要農(nóng)業(yè)機械擁有量
 
  1.2農(nóng)機化發(fā)展水平邁上新臺階。2023年年底全縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率達到63.09%,比十年前2014年期末32.21%提高30.88個百分點,與全省丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率持平。其中機耕水平達到92.55%、機播水平43.07%、機收水平43.84%??傮w進入以機械作業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的新階段,并向農(nóng)機化發(fā)展的高級階段邁進。其中小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯三大糧食作物耕種收綜合機械化率分別達到96.21%、61.54%和65.44%。歷年主要農(nóng)業(yè)機械擁有量如表2所示
 
  表2 :十年會寧縣農(nóng)作物耕、種、收機械化水平數(shù)據(jù)
 
  1.3農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)水平持續(xù)提升。持續(xù)培育壯大新型農(nóng)機經(jīng)營服務(wù)主體,推進以農(nóng)業(yè)機械為載體,以為農(nóng)戶提供良種良法良機等技術(shù)裝備集成服務(wù)為重點的農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù),涌現(xiàn)出“全程機械化+綜合農(nóng)事服務(wù)”“半托管全托管型服務(wù)”“保姆式托管、菜單式選擇、智能化服務(wù)”等不同類型的農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)新模式、新業(yè)態(tài)。全縣農(nóng)機合作社達到76個,各類農(nóng)機服務(wù)組織達到278個,農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)規(guī)模達到60多萬畝。十年期間,累計投入省級財政資金631萬元,組織開展“一鄉(xiāng)一農(nóng)機合作社”建設(shè)試點、農(nóng)機合作社裝備提升行動,扶持各類農(nóng)機服務(wù)組織151個,其中扶持農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社38個,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)機合作社覆蓋率達到100%。歷年主要農(nóng)機服務(wù)主體省級補貼如表3所示
 
  表3:2014——2023年農(nóng)機服務(wù)主體享受省級補貼數(shù)據(jù)
 
  1.4強化農(nóng)機技術(shù)培訓(xùn),提升全縣農(nóng)機手技術(shù)。積極探索農(nóng)機培訓(xùn)新路子,擴展農(nóng)機培訓(xùn)新領(lǐng)域,開展社會化服務(wù),構(gòu)建縣農(nóng)機校、 農(nóng)機經(jīng)銷商、農(nóng)機服務(wù)公司、農(nóng)機合作社于一體的全縣農(nóng)機培訓(xùn)體系,會寧縣農(nóng)機校根據(jù)自身實際,制定切實可行的培訓(xùn)計劃,積極開展“高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)”“送學(xué)下鄉(xiāng)”活動, 不斷拓寬培訓(xùn)新路子。近五年來,全縣共完成各類農(nóng)機實用技術(shù)人員培訓(xùn) 8600人,其中:農(nóng)機實用技術(shù)培訓(xùn)5200人,大中型拖拉機、聯(lián)合收割機駕駛員培訓(xùn) 2500人,村“兩委”干部培訓(xùn)350人,農(nóng)機化管理人員培訓(xùn)550人。
 
  2 會寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展存在的問題
 
  2.1地形復(fù)雜,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“ 無路可走 ”“ 無機可用 ”,機器作業(yè)條件差。會寧縣的地形地貌獨特,南部多高山大梁,北部低緩川塬,其耕地南部坡度大、面積??;北部水川地地塊小,不規(guī)則的特點并非傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)機的理想應(yīng)用場所,并限制了農(nóng)機推廣的規(guī)模。盡管現(xiàn)有一些輕型小型農(nóng)具已可供使用,但適用性差、勞動強度大、效率低等問題太多, “機械化”無法充分發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢,難以在更大范圍內(nèi)推廣。此外,部分山地雖然近幾年來大力發(fā)展梯田建設(shè),但由于坡陡導(dǎo)致田塊窄小,而田塊間有較大落差,田間互通道路窄,機耕道窄而陡,使農(nóng)機進入田間變得困難,高效大型農(nóng)機無法有效轉(zhuǎn)移及田間作業(yè);另外不同類型的坡耕地對農(nóng)機爬坡越障 、制動轉(zhuǎn)向、動力底盤橫向姿勢自適應(yīng)調(diào)整等要求都不一樣,目前農(nóng)機市場比較缺乏相適應(yīng)的農(nóng)機??傮w而言,會寧縣的地形條件差,擁有的地塊細碎凌亂、坡多臺多埂多、形狀不規(guī)則等問題阻礙了會寧縣農(nóng)機化的發(fā)展。
 
  2.2 土壤復(fù)雜,種植品種多樣化,適宜機械缺乏。 會寧縣南北山川土壤差別大,主要糧食作物小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯整體適宜種植,糜子、谷子、蕎麥等小雜糧更適宜中南部種植,中藥材適宜最南端的楊集鎮(zhèn)種植、而北部川塬適合種植瓜果蔬菜。不同類型的農(nóng)作物需要的農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備也存在較大差異,機械化作業(yè)程度迥異。會寧縣玉米、馬鈴薯種植面積占農(nóng)作物總播種面積的33.07%、32.54%,但機播、機收水平在40 %左右,馬鈴薯機收、玉米機播適宜機械少,馬鈴薯機收半機械化,目前市場上的馬鈴薯收獲機大多是挖出土灑落地面,需要大量人工撿拾,玉米播種多采用半機械化的人工點播機,小雜糧機收多用谷物聯(lián)合收割機,損失率超過2%,蔬菜瓜果中藥材移栽仍然主要依賴手工,機械化程度較低??傮w而言,會寧縣的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展受到很大限制。
 
  2.3 農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合度低 目前會寧縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化以中小型為主,而大中型相對較少。在作物方面,農(nóng)業(yè)機械主要用于糧食作物,而經(jīng)濟作物則運用的較少。動力機械多,但是配套機具相對缺乏;耕種和種植機械較多,但植保、收獲和秸稈處 理機械卻很少,甚至表現(xiàn)出結(jié)構(gòu)不夠均衡的情況。大部分是單一功能的手扶拖拉機或微耕機。因此這些類型的機器存在著結(jié)構(gòu)受限的問題,先進的功能和新技術(shù)在這些機型上無法實現(xiàn)。
 
  2.4鄉(xiāng)村“ 空心化 ”和老齡化現(xiàn)象普遍。根據(jù)很明顯農(nóng)機購置與應(yīng)用補貼申請辦理服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計,2014— 2019 年(這期間辦理購置補貼需本人在農(nóng)機局辦理),50歲及以上購機者占總購機戶數(shù)的 83.87%,農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)者的平均年齡達61歲。由于市場機制的作用與城鄉(xiāng)二元體制的運行慣性的相互影響,農(nóng)村資源要素向城市集聚,大量人口向城市流動。青壯年勞動力外出,農(nóng)村人口結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大變化,農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)人員老齡化現(xiàn)象日益突出。由于農(nóng)村沒有堅實的產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐,缺乏足夠的就業(yè)崗位很容易造成農(nóng)村的衰落和凋敝。隨著我國進入老齡化社會,會寧縣的農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)人員老齡化趨勢日漸明顯,長此以往,必然造成土地閑置,無人種田,農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少,制約會寧縣的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn) 。
 
  2.5 農(nóng)機購置補貼有限,農(nóng)戶購買力不足。我國實施的購機補貼政策起初主要面向大中型農(nóng)業(yè)機械,對于適宜在丘陵山區(qū)使用的微耕機、手扶拖拉機等中小型農(nóng)機,補貼程度相對較低,而且補貼程序比較復(fù)雜;2021 年,新一輪農(nóng)機購置補貼政策明確優(yōu)先滿足保障糧食、生豬等重要農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、丘陵山區(qū)特色農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展和數(shù)字化發(fā)展所需機具的補貼需要。但是,對于部分適用于丘陵山區(qū)的小型、輕量化農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品的補貼較少。這種不平衡的補貼政策,在一定程度上影響了農(nóng)戶購買農(nóng)機具的積極性,使得農(nóng)機具在丘陵山區(qū)的推廣受到了一定的阻礙。丘陵山區(qū)是我國農(nóng)業(yè)主產(chǎn)區(qū)和重要供給區(qū)之一,在丘陵山區(qū)選用適合的農(nóng)機具非常重要。小型農(nóng)機具不僅便于操作,而且有利于節(jié)約人力和物力成本,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益和勞動生產(chǎn)率。但是由于政策原因,這些農(nóng)機的普及率相對較低。因此,應(yīng) 當(dāng)適度調(diào)整農(nóng)機具購機補貼政策,增加對中小型農(nóng)機的補貼力度,減少程序上的復(fù)雜程度,讓更多適用于丘陵山區(qū)的小型農(nóng)機具得到補貼。這不僅可以提高農(nóng)民購買農(nóng)機具的積極性,而且能夠更好地滿足當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需求,推動農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。
 
  2.6 農(nóng)機經(jīng)營效益不高。用戶購置農(nóng)機,一方面滿足自己生產(chǎn)需要,另一方面也承擔(dān)服務(wù)其他農(nóng)戶或跨區(qū)域作業(yè)服務(wù),以此提高機器利用率,從而提高自身收益。但因地塊小,布局分散,造成跨區(qū)域作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)場困難、作業(yè)時間短、成本高、效率低的問題,影響用戶丘陵山區(qū)跨區(qū)作業(yè)的積極性。同時,因農(nóng)機作業(yè)時間較為集中,農(nóng)忙時難以滿足區(qū)域多數(shù)農(nóng)戶的需求,實際作業(yè)效益不高;農(nóng)閑時無需社會化作業(yè)服務(wù),造成農(nóng)機閑置的情況。
 
  2.7 農(nóng)業(yè)機械操作培訓(xùn)不足。農(nóng)機操作人員年齡基本在50歲左右以上,普遍較大。老齡農(nóng)戶接受能力相對較弱,往往需要較長的學(xué)習(xí)過程才能正確使用機具,而農(nóng)機企業(yè)、經(jīng)銷商在售機后雖有基本操作培訓(xùn),但一般不超過1天,效果不理想。例如用戶購買微耕機,經(jīng)銷商送貨至用戶家中后,只簡單說明基本操作使用方法,后期以電話方式解答用戶使用問題;對操作較為復(fù)雜的植保無人機,均由授權(quán)代理經(jīng)銷商進行基本操作流程培訓(xùn),一般為3天,后由廠家授予操作手合格證,短期培訓(xùn)效果不盡如人意,用戶在操作使用中遇到問題時,均采用電話咨詢,培訓(xùn)效果欠佳,易發(fā)生危險或事故。
 
  3  加快農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展建議
 
  3.1強化政策引領(lǐng),積極謀劃爭取農(nóng)機發(fā)展項目。圍繞突破薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、破解制約瓶頸、補齊發(fā)展短板、縮小區(qū)域差距,通過鄉(xiāng)村振興、招商引資、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動等拉動全縣經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重點任務(wù),結(jié)合農(nóng)機化發(fā)展實際,積極謀劃爭取農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)、農(nóng)機化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)、農(nóng)機抓點示范、特色產(chǎn)業(yè)機具保障等各類農(nóng)機化項目,以高質(zhì)量的項目實施加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和農(nóng)機裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級高質(zhì)量追趕發(fā)展。
 
  穩(wěn)定實施農(nóng)機購置與應(yīng)用補貼政策,充分發(fā)揮政策實施的導(dǎo)向作用,著力穩(wěn)重點、擴范圍、優(yōu)服務(wù)、強監(jiān)管、提效能,突出優(yōu)機優(yōu)補、獎優(yōu)罰劣,加大對智能和丘陵山區(qū)適用小型機械支撐力度,持續(xù)提升政策實施精準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化、便利化水平。支持農(nóng)機服務(wù)主體開展深松深耕、機播機收和生產(chǎn)托管服務(wù)。鼓勵集體經(jīng)濟組織、農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)組織等主體以各種形式開展機庫棚、機耕道、烘干機塔等基礎(chǔ)條件建設(shè),加強農(nóng)機搶種搶收搶烘服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。結(jié)合高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)等工作,積極推進丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造。推動創(chuàng)新農(nóng)機金融保險服務(wù),鼓勵開展農(nóng)機保險。
 
  3.2大力推進農(nóng)田宜機化改造。改善農(nóng)機作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)條件,推進農(nóng)田地塊小并大、短并長、陡變平、彎變直和互聯(lián)互通,切實改善農(nóng)機通行和作業(yè)條件,提高農(nóng)機適應(yīng)性,提高農(nóng)機作業(yè)便利程度,擴展大中型農(nóng)機運用空間,加快補齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化基礎(chǔ)條件薄弱的短板。積極爭取項目資金,用于改善農(nóng)機作業(yè)條件,建設(shè)機耕道路,改造土地,擴大耕地面積,為高效農(nóng)業(yè)機械的推廣應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。
 
  3.3精準(zhǔn)施策,補齊短板,加快推進主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化。緊盯小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯機收機種等薄弱環(huán)節(jié),推進適用機具的研發(fā),提高機具實用性,可靠性,強化機械、栽培、品種集成配套,加強試驗示范,總結(jié)推廣適宜技術(shù)路線和解決方案,補齊糧食生產(chǎn)全程機械化短板。加快種子處理、高效植保、產(chǎn)地烘干、秸稈綜合利用等環(huán)節(jié)與耕種收環(huán)節(jié)機械化集成配套,推動建立健全區(qū)域化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的高質(zhì)量糧食機械化生產(chǎn)體系。
 
  3.4加快農(nóng)機化新技術(shù)新機具的推廣應(yīng)用步伐。以示范點建設(shè)為依托,組織農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和農(nóng)機大戶、農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社結(jié)合農(nóng)時特點,舉辦特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)的現(xiàn)場演示觀摩活動,充分調(diào)動群眾應(yīng)用農(nóng)機化新機具新技術(shù)的積極性,加大馬鈴薯、玉米、小雜糧等特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)成熟技術(shù)、裝備的推廣應(yīng)用力度,加快推進全縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化進程。
 
  3.5注重節(jié)能環(huán)保,推廣綠色農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)。鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略對農(nóng)機裝備提出了更高的節(jié)能環(huán)保要求,高能耗、高污染的老舊機械必將逐步淘汰。 農(nóng)機推廣的重點將是符合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的動力裝備,促進農(nóng)機節(jié)能減排和安全生產(chǎn),加大對機械化秸稈還田、秸稈利用、節(jié)水灌溉、高效植保、精準(zhǔn)施肥、 深耕深松、殘膜回收等綠色增產(chǎn)農(nóng)機化技術(shù)的推廣力度,促進綠色農(nóng)機化技術(shù)應(yīng)用,使農(nóng)村山更青、 水更秀、土地更有機。從主要農(nóng)作物全程機械化、 深耕深松機械化、保護性耕作機械化、秸稈利用機械化、推進水肥一體化和畜牧業(yè)機械化、農(nóng)機報廢更新等重點工作入手,在切實保障糧食安全的基礎(chǔ)上,促進農(nóng)機作業(yè)節(jié)能減排,推動土壤改良、地力培肥和揚塵治理,切實保護農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境,改善農(nóng)民群眾的生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境。
 
  3.6壯大農(nóng)機作業(yè)社會化服務(wù)。培育壯大農(nóng)機合作社、農(nóng)機服務(wù)專業(yè)戶等農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)主體,創(chuàng)新服務(wù)方式,推進農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)向農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全過程、全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈延伸,推動農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營,促進小農(nóng)戶和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機銜接。推廣“全程機械化+綜合農(nóng)事”“半托管全托管型服務(wù)”“保姆式托管、菜單式選擇、智能化服務(wù)”等新型服務(wù)模式,大力發(fā)展以農(nóng)機為載體的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管,擴大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管面積和小農(nóng)戶覆蓋面。加強救災(zāi)防災(zāi)專用農(nóng)機裝備儲備建設(shè),提升農(nóng)機應(yīng)急服務(wù)能力。鼓勵大中專畢業(yè)生、退伍軍人、科技人員等創(chuàng)辦領(lǐng)辦新型農(nóng)機服務(wù)組織, 支持農(nóng)機社會化服務(wù)區(qū)域中心建設(shè),引導(dǎo)鼓勵農(nóng)機服務(wù)主體與家庭農(nóng)場、種植養(yǎng)殖大戶、農(nóng)民合作社及農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)等規(guī)模生產(chǎn)主體構(gòu)建農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)服務(wù)聯(lián)合體,探索實現(xiàn)農(nóng)機互助、設(shè)備共享、互利共贏的有效方式,提高農(nóng)機使用效率。鼓勵、指導(dǎo)農(nóng)機服務(wù)組織通過跨區(qū)作業(yè)、訂單作業(yè)、生產(chǎn)托管、租賃經(jīng)營等多種形式,開展高效便捷的農(nóng)機作業(yè)服務(wù),,提高作業(yè)效率和經(jīng)營效益。
 
  3.7、推動農(nóng)機銷售、維修及零配件供應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。引導(dǎo)農(nóng)機流通體系, 加大農(nóng)機綜合服務(wù)市場的建設(shè)力度,完善農(nóng)機售后服務(wù)功能,提升售后服務(wù)水平,便利農(nóng)民購買、維修、使用農(nóng)機。貫徹落實國務(wù)院關(guān)于取消農(nóng)業(yè)機械維修技術(shù)合格證核發(fā)的決定,推動農(nóng)機維修服務(wù)方式創(chuàng)新,激發(fā)農(nóng)機維修市場活力,為農(nóng)機手提供便捷高效的維修服務(wù)。積極推動運用大數(shù)據(jù)平臺技術(shù)建設(shè)便捷高效的農(nóng)機銷售、維修及零配件供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),提升農(nóng)機流通信息化、規(guī)模化水平。
 
  3.8加快推動農(nóng)業(yè)機械化智能化。積極引導(dǎo)高端智能農(nóng)機裝備投入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),加快提升農(nóng)機裝備“耕、種、管、收”全程作業(yè)質(zhì)量與作業(yè)效率。大力推廣基于北斗、5G自動駕駛、遠程監(jiān)控、智能控制等技術(shù)在大型拖拉機、聯(lián)合收割機等機具上的應(yīng)用,引導(dǎo)高端智能農(nóng)機裝備加快發(fā)展。
 
  3.9全面開展農(nóng)機技能培訓(xùn)。農(nóng)機技術(shù)培訓(xùn)是保證農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)機械化質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵,各級農(nóng)機技術(shù)培訓(xùn)部門要高度重視農(nóng)機師資隊伍的建設(shè)培育, 要形成系統(tǒng)化、精準(zhǔn)化的培訓(xùn)體制,為基層培養(yǎng)更多更高質(zhì)量的農(nóng)機技術(shù)培訓(xùn)人才。健全農(nóng)機社會化培訓(xùn)體系,創(chuàng)新開展教育培訓(xùn),在發(fā)揮好現(xiàn)有農(nóng)機培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)作用的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運用“校舍課堂”、“田間課堂”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂”、“演示課堂”等多種培訓(xùn)方式,分層次、分時段、有步驟地開展新購機農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)、農(nóng)機合作社負責(zé)人培訓(xùn)、農(nóng)機科技人員培訓(xùn)、主要農(nóng)時重點技術(shù)專項培訓(xùn)、拖拉機和聯(lián)合收割機駕駛操作培訓(xùn),不斷提高農(nóng)機使用、操作、維修、保養(yǎng)、經(jīng)營、管理人員理論知識和操作技能水平,為全縣農(nóng)機化事業(yè)發(fā)展提供人才保障。
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