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黃淮海地區(qū)大豆“癥青”防控技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2022-05-27 08:40:11 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司 閱讀量:18155 評論

導(dǎo)讀:大豆“癥青”是以生物因素為主引起的一種成熟期莖葉持綠、不結(jié)實(shí)或少結(jié)實(shí)的植株生長發(fā)育異?,F(xiàn)象。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 政策與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 大豆“癥青”是以生物因素為主引起的一種成熟期莖葉持綠、不結(jié)實(shí)或少結(jié)實(shí)的植株生長發(fā)育異?,F(xiàn)象。近年來在黃淮海地區(qū)“癥青”問題較為突出,部分地區(qū)減產(chǎn)嚴(yán)重,致使生產(chǎn)者種植意愿下降,成為恢復(fù)和發(fā)展大豆生產(chǎn)的一大障礙。為有效控制“癥青”危害,保障大豆油料產(chǎn)能提升工程順利實(shí)施,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)技中心、大豆病蟲害防控重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、國家大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系,組織專家專題研討,基于現(xiàn)有科研結(jié)果,制定本指導(dǎo)意見。
 
  一、防控策略
 
  以大豆整個栽培過程為主線,在合理選用品種、種子處理、推行健身栽培等基礎(chǔ)上,加強(qiáng)大豆蚜、煙粉虱等傳毒昆蟲介體和點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽等直接致害昆蟲的種群動態(tài)監(jiān)測,抓住大豆開花結(jié)莢關(guān)鍵時期,實(shí)施統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治,提高“治蟲防病”效果和效率,降低大豆“癥青”發(fā)生幾率,減輕危害損失,保障生產(chǎn)安全。
 
  二、防控重點(diǎn)
 
  重點(diǎn)防控點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、大豆蚜蟲、煙粉虱、小綠葉蟬、灰飛虱等刺吸類害蟲,及其可能傳播的大豆病毒病。
 
  三、防控技術(shù)
 
  (一)播種期。選擇適合當(dāng)?shù)胤N植、較為抗病(以往田間“癥青”發(fā)生相對較輕)的品種,推行合理密植和健身栽培。選用精甲·咯菌腈、丁硫·福美雙、噻蟲·福·萎銹等藥劑進(jìn)行種子包衣或拌種處理,預(yù)防大豆根腐病、地下害蟲、蚜蟲、粉虱等苗期病蟲害,保障苗全苗勻苗壯。
 
  (二)苗期—分枝期。重點(diǎn)防控蚜蟲、煙粉虱、葉蟬、灰飛虱等傳毒蟲媒,嚴(yán)防大豆病毒病發(fā)生流行。采用黃板誘集、掃網(wǎng)調(diào)查等方法,系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測傳毒蟲媒發(fā)生量和發(fā)生期。當(dāng)田間出現(xiàn)病毒株且傳毒蟲媒數(shù)量較大時,應(yīng)及時采取化學(xué)防治措施“治蟲防病”、切斷傳播鏈,控制病毒病重發(fā)流行。防治藥劑可選用高氯·吡蟲啉、噻蟲·高氯氟等高效低毒品種。
 
  同時,從大豆分枝期開始,在大豆田及其周邊布設(shè)信息素誘集設(shè)備,系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽種群數(shù)量,掌握其向大豆田遷移高峰期和數(shù)量,預(yù)判大豆田發(fā)生程度和最佳防控時期。
 
  (三)開花—成熟期。點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽等刺吸鼓粒期豆莢,致使籽粒敗育或發(fā)育不良形成癟莢,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致植株源—庫關(guān)系失衡,是大豆“癥青”的關(guān)鍵成因之一。因此,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)大豆花莢期蟲情監(jiān)測和防控。
 
  從監(jiān)測到成蟲遷移或大豆始花期開始,定期開展大豆田間點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽種群數(shù)量和發(fā)育進(jìn)度監(jiān)測。當(dāng)成蟲密度達(dá)到百株3-5頭,或卵塊、若蟲數(shù)量較高時,及時開展藥劑防治。重點(diǎn)發(fā)生區(qū)應(yīng)組織聯(lián)防聯(lián)治、統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。鑒于大豆點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽防治還沒有正式登記的農(nóng)藥品種,可因地制宜選用在大豆田已獲登記的高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高氯·吡蟲啉、噻蟲·高氯氟等,在防治點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽等刺吸式害蟲的同時,兼治大豆食心蟲、豆莢螟等蛀莢類害蟲。
 
  注意事項(xiàng):采用無人機(jī)施藥時要注意添加增效劑、沉降劑,保證每畝1.5—2升的藥液量。噴施殺蟲劑時,要嚴(yán)格按產(chǎn)品說明書推薦使用劑量,并進(jìn)行安全操作。
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