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2022年“三夏”農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢調(diào)查報告

2022-05-20 10:40:04 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司 閱讀量:12180 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近日,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站針對“三夏”期間小麥機(jī)收等作業(yè)價格變化情況,開展了電子問卷調(diào)查,并形成調(diào)查分析報告,現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。

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農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化情況2022年第10期
 
  編者按:近日,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站針對“三夏”期間小麥機(jī)收等作業(yè)價格變化情況,開展了電子問卷調(diào)查,并形成調(diào)查分析報告,現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。
 
  2022年“三夏”農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢調(diào)查報告
 
  為科學(xué)預(yù)判“三夏”農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站開展了2022年“三夏”農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格和成本變化趨勢電子問卷調(diào)查,有關(guān)情況如下。
 
  一、調(diào)查基本情況
 
  (一)樣本分布情況。本次調(diào)查采取網(wǎng)絡(luò)問卷形式,對“三夏”主要機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)作業(yè)服務(wù)價格與成本走勢情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。截至5月12日8時,共有九個小麥主產(chǎn)省641個農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)組織參與,具體樣本分布情況如表1所示。
 
  (二)調(diào)查主體情況。從表2可以看出,樣本自主經(jīng)營土地面積多在10000畝以下,涉及樣本534個,占樣本總數(shù)的83.31%,其中,2000畝以下的占比為59.13%。全年機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)面積多處于50000畝以下,涉及樣本497個,占樣本總數(shù)的77.54%,10000畝以下與10000—50000畝的主體數(shù)量相近。各服務(wù)組織關(guān)于本年度“三夏”期間的預(yù)計作業(yè)面積以50000畝以下為主,涉及樣本550個,占樣本總數(shù)的85.80%,10000畝以下與10000—50000畝的主體數(shù)量相差不大,預(yù)計作業(yè)量水平整體與往年基本保持一致。
 
二、預(yù)計“三夏”生產(chǎn)期間機(jī)械化作業(yè)價格變化趨勢
 
  (一)小麥機(jī)收作業(yè)價格情況。以中位數(shù)來看,今年“三夏”生產(chǎn)期間,預(yù)計小麥機(jī)收價格為60元/畝,較去年上漲了8元左右,同比增長15%。
 
  (二)玉米機(jī)播作業(yè)價格情況。以中位數(shù)來看,預(yù)計玉米機(jī)播作業(yè)價格為40元/畝,較去年上漲了7元左右,同比增長21%。
 
三、“三夏”機(jī)械化作業(yè)價格波動原因分析
 
  從表5可以看出,“三夏”機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)價格增長的主要因素為燃油成本和機(jī)手雇工費用的增加,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為616個和440個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的96.10%與68.64%;其次為機(jī)具及零配件購買、維修成本的增加,涉及樣本數(shù)為341個,占樣本總數(shù)的53.20%;機(jī)具保有量、供需信息對接等因素對于作業(yè)服務(wù)價格增長影響不大。此外,有9個樣本反映價格增長一定程度上受新冠疫情影響,占樣本總數(shù)的1.4%。
 
  (一)燃油價格情況。以中位數(shù)來看,預(yù)計今年“三夏”柴油價格為8元/升,同比上漲30%左右。
 
  (二)機(jī)手雇工費用情況。從表7可以看出,預(yù)計機(jī)手雇工費用增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的92.20%。其中,預(yù)計增幅20%以上的樣本有228個,增幅10—20%的樣本有240個,增幅10%以內(nèi)的樣本有123個。
 
  從表8可以看出,人工成本連續(xù)增長和缺乏作業(yè)水平較高的機(jī)手是導(dǎo)致機(jī)手雇工費用增長的主要因素,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為552個和381個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的86.12%與59.44%。
 
  (三)零配件供給情況。從表9可以看出,預(yù)計農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械零配件購買價格增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的93.14%。其中,預(yù)計增幅20%以上的樣本有179個,增幅10—20%的樣本有272個,增幅10%以內(nèi)的樣本有146個。
 
  從表10可以看出,零配件原材料價格與物流成本的增長是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械零配件購買價格增長的主要因素,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為542個和375個,分別占樣本總數(shù)的84.56%與58.50%。此外,有10個樣本反映價格上漲與疫情影響有關(guān)。
 
四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
  從表11可以看出,244個樣本明確表示準(zhǔn)備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè),占樣本總數(shù)的38.07%;217個樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè),占樣本總數(shù)的33.85%;180個樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。
 
五、面臨問題與建議
 
  (一)疫情影響下“三夏”生產(chǎn)面臨的主要問題。從表12、13可以看出,今年“三夏”生產(chǎn)面臨的主要問題為燃油價格走高與新冠肺炎疫情防控,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為324個和175個,合計占樣本總數(shù)的77.85%。其中,疫情防控對機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)可能產(chǎn)生的影響主要為跨區(qū)機(jī)械化作業(yè)服務(wù)與返鄉(xiāng)隔離管控,涉及樣本數(shù)分別為290個和107個,合計占樣本總數(shù)的61.93%。
 
  (二)建議。問卷設(shè)計了開放性問題,征集各地農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)組織的建議。其中,156個樣本建議出臺相關(guān)政策,降低農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)用油成本;28個樣本建議在疫情防控背景下加強(qiáng)與衛(wèi)健、交管等部門的溝通,為保障農(nóng)機(jī)順利通行做好準(zhǔn)備;15個樣本建議加大組織調(diào)度力度,為機(jī)具跨區(qū)作業(yè)創(chuàng)造條件;15個樣本建議開展作業(yè)技能、安全生產(chǎn)等相關(guān)培訓(xùn),大力培養(yǎng)年輕機(jī)手,等等。
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