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中藥材種植:“科技化、機(jī)械化、生態(tài)化”為三大轉(zhuǎn)型趨勢

2022-03-25 10:05:48 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:40562 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,中藥材價格上漲,中藥材種植業(yè)(中藥農(nóng)業(yè))作為勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展空間越來越小,很多種植企業(yè)(大戶〉已不堪重負(fù),迫切需要機(jī)械化技術(shù)與裝備的支撐。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】近10年,國內(nèi)中藥材生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域,無論是基地建設(shè)還是種植面積,都保持高速增長。據(jù)天地云圖數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示,截至2020年底,我國中藥材注冊合作社達(dá)26.7萬家,種植基地約為1.23萬個。尤其在疫情爆發(fā)后,中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了廣泛關(guān)注和快速發(fā)展。
 
  近年來,中藥材價格上漲,中藥材種植業(yè)(中藥農(nóng)業(yè))作為勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展空間越來越小,很多種植企業(yè)(大戶〉已不堪重負(fù),迫切需要機(jī)械化技術(shù)與裝備的支撐。
 
  日前,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司下發(fā)《關(guān)于推介蔬菜適宜品種全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式與典型案例的通知》,青島市農(nóng)技中心總結(jié)形成的“中藥材丹參機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式”入選,成為全國12個典型案例之一,予以在全國推廣,也為山東省中藥材丹參種植區(qū)推進(jìn)全程機(jī)械化提供了可行性解決方案。下一步,青島市農(nóng)技中心將繼續(xù)同山東省中藥材創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)機(jī)械崗位緊密合作,立足實(shí)際,不斷加大改進(jìn)和研發(fā)中藥材專用農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的工作力度,促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝的相互結(jié)合和配套,為中藥材規(guī)?;?、機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)提供技術(shù)和服務(wù)支撐。
 
  《“十四五”全國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》提出,因地制宜推進(jìn)中藥材生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化,著力突破機(jī)收環(huán)節(jié)瓶頸。2021年,根莖類中藥材機(jī)械化種收技術(shù)在甘肅省定西、隴南、天水等十多個縣建立了試驗(yàn)、示范點(diǎn),通過核心示范、輻射帶動了大面積推廣,近五年來累計推廣100多萬畝。
 
  該技術(shù)適宜于規(guī)模化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植及立地條件適合發(fā)展機(jī)械化技術(shù)的地區(qū)。主要包括:機(jī)械化種植、機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù),主要技術(shù)模式分別為:直播、移栽和分段、聯(lián)合收獲。能有效解決根莖類中藥材生產(chǎn)中傳統(tǒng)人工作業(yè)勞動力密集,尤其是種植和收獲關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)依靠人畜力作業(yè),勞動強(qiáng)度大、耗工費(fèi)時、生產(chǎn)成本高和生產(chǎn)科技含量低、規(guī)?;?、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)程度低的不足。
 
  據(jù)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),該技術(shù)就種植、收獲和田間管理三個環(huán)節(jié)每畝節(jié)本增效在1200元以上,可減少勞動力投入、減輕勞動強(qiáng)度、提高生產(chǎn)效率、提升藥材品質(zhì)、降低生產(chǎn)成本、增加藥農(nóng)收入,促進(jìn)中藥材生產(chǎn)由傳統(tǒng)人工向機(jī)械化作業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變,具有良好的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)效益。
 
  當(dāng)下,農(nóng)用機(jī)械在中藥材種植中日益受到重視,中藥材機(jī)械發(fā)展較快,正在經(jīng)歷從“可用”到“好用”的升級,中藥材機(jī)械的社會化服務(wù)也在勃然興起,中藥材生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化將成為中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要保障。中藥材種植正在從規(guī)范化、規(guī)?;?、產(chǎn)業(yè)化向科技化、機(jī)械化、生態(tài)化轉(zhuǎn)型。從南到北,在即將全面展開的春耕中一批農(nóng)機(jī)將在中藥材生產(chǎn)中閃亮登場。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(dwjfsy.com)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:天地云圖中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)中心、青島市農(nóng)技中心、甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化技術(shù)推廣總站、中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械流通協(xié)會。
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