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安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室關(guān)于印發(fā)果園冬季管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)的通知

2021-12-02 10:44:58 來(lái)源:安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:18973 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:果園冬季管理工作直接關(guān)系到來(lái)年果樹(shù)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、提質(zhì)和果農(nóng)收入。為有效加強(qiáng)果園管理,提升果實(shí)品質(zhì)和優(yōu)質(zhì)果率,促進(jìn)我省水果產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效發(fā)展,現(xiàn)將《果園冬季管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》印發(fā)給你們。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 各市、縣(市、區(qū))農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局:
 
  果園冬季管理工作直接關(guān)系到來(lái)年果樹(shù)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、提質(zhì)和果農(nóng)收入。為有效加強(qiáng)果園管理,提升果實(shí)品質(zhì)和優(yōu)質(zhì)果率,促進(jìn)我省水果產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效發(fā)展,現(xiàn)將《果園冬季管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》印發(fā)給你們。請(qǐng)各地結(jié)合本地水果生產(chǎn)實(shí)際情況,組織開(kāi)展技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn),及時(shí)做好技術(shù)咨詢和服務(wù)工作,為來(lái)年水果產(chǎn)業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
 
  安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室
 
  2021年11月30日
 
果園冬季管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)
 
  一、做好預(yù)防凍害工作。全省重點(diǎn)果區(qū),應(yīng)密切關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報(bào),根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)毓麡?shù)生物學(xué)特性、產(chǎn)區(qū)位置和天氣變化情況,積極采取有效措施,預(yù)防早凍、超低溫、雪災(zāi)和晚霜對(duì)枇杷等常綠果樹(shù)的危害。在極端低溫來(lái)臨前,可適當(dāng)選擇性采取以下措施預(yù)防或減低凍害的發(fā)生:一是灌水法。果園灌水可提高地溫,增加土壤熱容量??刹扇⌒虚g微噴等途徑降低凍害的發(fā)生程度。二是遮蓋法。用塑料布、尼龍薄膜等覆蓋果樹(shù),防止冷空氣的襲擊,減少地面熱量向外散失。
 
  二、做好設(shè)施棚體管理工作。受“拉尼娜現(xiàn)象”影響,今年我省可能出現(xiàn)極端天氣,若局部地區(qū)連降大雪,設(shè)施草莓、設(shè)施葡萄、設(shè)施桃等,可適當(dāng)選擇性采取以下措施減災(zāi)避災(zāi):一是加固修復(fù)棚體。對(duì)于雪壓負(fù)荷較重的設(shè)施棚體,應(yīng)及時(shí)增加立柱,穩(wěn)固大棚骨架,提高設(shè)施棚體受壓能力。二是去除棚頂積雪。在確保人身安全的前提下,及時(shí)清除棚頂和棚間積雪,減輕棚室負(fù)重;強(qiáng)降雪期間,必要時(shí)可采取局部破膜處理,防止積雪壓塌棚體。
 
  三是加強(qiáng)保溫、降濕。對(duì)于草莓大棚,視氣溫下降程度加設(shè)“二膜”“三膜”、加保溫被、加保溫草簾等辦法覆蓋保溫。此外,可采取覆蓋地膜、適度通風(fēng)、以及地表增加吸潮物等措施降低棚內(nèi)濕度。
 
  三、做好整形修剪工作。充分利用晴好天氣,有針對(duì)性地開(kāi)展葡萄、桃、梨等落葉果樹(shù)冬季修剪工作。一是合理確定負(fù)載。冬季修剪要根據(jù)品種特性、樹(shù)齡、樹(shù)勢(shì)、田間管理水平、農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝配套等,合理確定當(dāng)年修剪量,適當(dāng)安排明年負(fù)載量。幼樹(shù)要依據(jù)品種特性和株行距,選擇適宜的樹(shù)形,注重主枝培養(yǎng)。成年樹(shù)要依據(jù)樹(shù)形,合理配置結(jié)果枝組。二是改善光照。適當(dāng)疏除細(xì)枝、弱枝、交叉枝、過(guò)密枝、徒長(zhǎng)枝、病蟲(chóng)枝,以及少部分背上枝和直立旺枝,重在打開(kāi)行間和層間光照,改善果園通風(fēng)透光條件。
 
  四、做好清潔果園工作。果樹(shù)冬季修剪完成后,要及時(shí)做好清園和園區(qū)整理工作。一是清理果園。清除果園內(nèi)枯枝、病蟲(chóng)枝、落葉、雜草,并集中銷(xiāo)毀或深埋。成年以上的落葉梨樹(shù)等,可適當(dāng)采取刮除樹(shù)干老翹皮的方法,去除隱藏的病菌和蟲(chóng)卵,減少越冬指數(shù)。二是全園殺菌。各地依據(jù)果樹(shù)品種特性,利用石硫合劑等進(jìn)行冬季樹(shù)干涂白,也可在早春時(shí)期有選擇地噴布石硫合劑等方法殺滅果園越冬病蟲(chóng)。
 
  五、做好冬季施肥工作。加強(qiáng)果園土肥水管理,合理早施、增施充分腐熟的有機(jī)基肥,有利于增強(qiáng)樹(shù)勢(shì),提高樹(shù)體抗性。一是深翻凍垡。新建果園應(yīng)做好冬季田地深翻工作;老果園宜翻樹(shù)盤(pán)。提倡行間利用小型農(nóng)機(jī)具,結(jié)合施肥對(duì)果園進(jìn)行深翻凍垡。二是合理施肥。認(rèn)真貫徹有機(jī)肥替代化肥行動(dòng),果園宜適量增施充分腐熟后的無(wú)害化有機(jī)基肥和餅肥,減少雞糞、豬糞和化肥用量。
 
  六、做好清溝瀝水工作。各地要把握晴好天氣時(shí)機(jī),做好果園行間溝、渠堵塞物的清理和疏通工作,確保果園內(nèi)給水和排水系統(tǒng)通暢,防止冬雨雪天氣果園發(fā)生漬害澇害現(xiàn)象。
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