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草地貪夜蛾再次來襲,防控技術(shù)+植保無人機來護航

2020-08-05 17:07:31 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:55425 評論

導(dǎo)讀:今年,草地貪夜蛾卷土重來,并較去年提前了1個月時間,給國家的糧食安全造成了極大威脅。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部監(jiān)測,當(dāng)前在全國22省份的1082個縣發(fā)生了草地貪夜蛾,發(fā)生北界已達黃河北岸。據(jù)了解今年草地貪夜蛾發(fā)生早,比去年提前了一個月左右,春季蟲量大、擴散快,對今年的玉米生產(chǎn)構(gòu)成較大威脅。
 
  草地貪夜蛾相信大家已經(jīng)并不陌生了,它被稱為“糧食殺手”,是一種破壞力強、適應(yīng)力強、幾乎沒有天敵的重大害蟲,可對玉米、棉花、小麥、水稻等農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)生極強的破壞性,嚴(yán)重可導(dǎo)致顆粒無收。2018年12月,草地貪夜蛾從緬甸侵入我國云南普洱。2019年,我國22省份發(fā)現(xiàn)了草地貪夜蛾幼蟲,實際造成危害面積200多萬畝。今年,草地貪夜蛾卷土重來,并較去年提前了1個月時間,給國家的糧食安全造成了極大威脅。

       《草地貪夜蛾防控手冊》發(fā)布
 
  今年4月9日,由中國工程院院士、中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院副院長吳孔明牽頭撰寫的《草地貪夜蛾防控手冊》由中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社出版發(fā)行,同時面向全國各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)植物保護總站發(fā)布了草地貪夜蛾新防控技術(shù)。吳孔明院士在報告會上解讀了《草地貪夜蛾防控手冊》,主要內(nèi)容包括草地貪夜蛾形態(tài)特征、生活習(xí)性、發(fā)生規(guī)律、測報技術(shù)和防控措施。該書內(nèi)容翔實、圖文并茂,通俗易懂,是一本農(nóng)民能看得懂的科普讀物。
 
  據(jù)了解,該手冊匯集了一年來針對這一重大農(nóng)業(yè)病蟲害的生物學(xué)與成災(zāi)特點、遷飛規(guī)律等的研究成果,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)的一整套防控技術(shù),該技術(shù)研發(fā)形成了生產(chǎn)實用的草地貪夜蛾測報技術(shù)體系,一個是草地貪夜蛾自動識別系統(tǒng),農(nóng)民、基層植保員用手機拍照或直接上傳圖像就能實時識別;另一個是可提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)快捷服務(wù)的草地貪夜蛾種群測報系統(tǒng),通過提供田間調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測種群發(fā)生發(fā)展動態(tài)和防治適期等。目前,部分技術(shù)和成果已在云南、廣西、四川、福建、江蘇、山東、河南等地區(qū)推廣,也指導(dǎo)了一批大中型病蟲害防治企業(yè)的生產(chǎn),有力增強了草地貪夜蛾防控的信心。
 
  植保無人機來護航
 
  據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部預(yù)測,今年下半年全國玉米病蟲害發(fā)生8.2億畝次,蟲害5.6億畝次,病害2.6億畝次。其中,草地貪夜蛾將重點危害西南、華南、江南夏秋玉米,云南、廣西等邊境地區(qū)發(fā)生較重;黃淮海、西北等地發(fā)生區(qū)域會繼續(xù)擴大,總體為點片或零星發(fā)生,發(fā)生面積為1000萬畝。
 
  面對來勢洶洶的害蟲,農(nóng)機行業(yè)也是防控一份子。在2019 年,憑借著規(guī)模作業(yè)調(diào)度快、效率高等優(yōu)勢,很多地區(qū)的統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治都將植保無人機選為*的防治工具,植保無人機也在“防控大戰(zhàn)”中貢獻了不少力量。

圖片來源:DJI 大疆農(nóng)業(yè)
 
  2019年DJI 大疆農(nóng)業(yè)聯(lián)合全國各地合作伙伴,積極參與各省市植保站、農(nóng)科院組織的防控工作,對發(fā)生蟲情區(qū)域的農(nóng)作物進行飛防作業(yè),幫助農(nóng)戶有效滅蟲保產(chǎn)。而為了預(yù)防性地針對草地貪夜蛾帶來的危害,2020年1月初,大疆農(nóng)業(yè)在海南開啟了新一年的草地貪夜蛾防控戰(zhàn),更吹響了全國各地的大疆植保機圍剿草地貪夜蛾的號角,隨著各地統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治任務(wù)的增加,植保無人機的作業(yè)面積還將繼續(xù)擴大。
 
  極飛也積極響應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部號召,采取有效措施防控草地貪夜蛾。以去年為例,極飛聯(lián)合了拜耳作物科學(xué)、中農(nóng)立華等合作伙伴,以廣西橫縣為首戰(zhàn)點,對蟲口密度達到 10 頭/百株的玉米田開展了應(yīng)急防控,達到98%以上的幼蟲殺死率。而早在2018年,極飛P系列植保無人機已經(jīng)在非洲市場被應(yīng)用到了草地貪夜蛾的防治。

圖片來源:極飛科技
 
  結(jié)語:據(jù)悉,針對當(dāng)前草地貪夜蛾發(fā)生情況,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部已組織各地制定防控方案,布設(shè)西南邊境、長江、黃河和長城沿線四條阻擊帶,重點地區(qū)防治兩到三遍,全力保護玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)安全。我們也期待植保無人機在這場草地貪夜蛾防控攻堅戰(zhàn)中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮更大“戰(zhàn)斗力”,為保障農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和國家糧食安全做出更大貢獻。
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