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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部舉行奶業(yè)振興新聞發(fā)布會(huì):今年地方財(cái)政安排20多億元資金支持奶業(yè)發(fā)展

2019-11-14 10:29:50 來(lái)源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:43157 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀: 奶業(yè)惠及億萬(wàn)人民的身體健康,是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè),改革開(kāi)放以后,特別是進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來(lái),經(jīng)過(guò)全行業(yè)長(zhǎng)期的不懈努力,我國(guó)奶業(yè)發(fā)展取得了翻天覆地的變化。11月13日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就介紹奶業(yè)振興成效有關(guān)情況舉行了新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 奶業(yè)惠及億萬(wàn)人民的身體健康,是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè),改革開(kāi)放以后,特別是進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來(lái),經(jīng)過(guò)全行業(yè)長(zhǎng)期的不懈努力,我國(guó)奶業(yè)發(fā)展取得了翻天覆地的變化。11月13日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就介紹奶業(yè)振興成效有關(guān)情況舉行了新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。
 
  《關(guān)于推進(jìn)奶業(yè)振興保障乳品質(zhì)量安全的意見(jiàn)》出臺(tái)一年多以來(lái)的實(shí)施情況是怎樣的?
 
  2018年6月國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于推進(jìn)奶業(yè)振興保障乳品質(zhì)量安全的意見(jiàn)》,關(guān)于一年多來(lái)此《意見(jiàn)》的實(shí)施情況,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部畜牧獸醫(yī)局二級(jí)巡視員王俊勛介紹,自2018年國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳出臺(tái)《關(guān)于推進(jìn)奶業(yè)振興保障乳品質(zhì)量安全的意見(jiàn)》以來(lái),各地各有關(guān)部門(mén)按照奶業(yè)振興發(fā)展的總體要求,科學(xué)設(shè)定發(fā)展目標(biāo),推動(dòng)奶源基地建設(shè)、乳品加工、市場(chǎng)流通等重點(diǎn)任務(wù)和政策措施的落實(shí),強(qiáng)化組織協(xié)調(diào)和督促檢查,發(fā)揮奶農(nóng)和企業(yè)的主體作用,形成了振興奶業(yè)的良好氛圍。我部會(huì)同有關(guān)的部門(mén),主要在以下幾個(gè)方面開(kāi)展了一些工作。
 
  ,加強(qiáng)組織協(xié)調(diào)。我部作為奶業(yè)振興工作的牽頭部門(mén),組織召開(kāi)落實(shí)《意見(jiàn)》分工會(huì)議,協(xié)調(diào)有關(guān)部委共同推進(jìn)《意見(jiàn)》的落實(shí),召開(kāi)全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村系統(tǒng)奶業(yè)振興工作推進(jìn)會(huì)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)會(huì),部署有關(guān)重點(diǎn)工作。內(nèi)蒙、河北、黑龍江等奶業(yè)主省區(qū)成立專(zhuān)門(mén)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)或建立聯(lián)席制度,切實(shí)推進(jìn)奶業(yè)振興工作。
 
  第二,制定具體的落實(shí)措施。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部等九部委聯(lián)合出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)奶業(yè)振興的若干意見(jiàn)》細(xì)化實(shí)施了具體工作舉措。發(fā)展改革委等七部委聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《國(guó)產(chǎn)嬰幼兒配方乳品提升方案》,明確嬰配粉發(fā)展思路,十個(gè)奶業(yè)主產(chǎn)省和大多數(shù)省份都出臺(tái)了奶業(yè)振興意見(jiàn),明確了主攻方向和措施及發(fā)展路徑。
 
  第三,強(qiáng)化了資金支持。今年,中央財(cái)政安排多項(xiàng)資金,用于繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大糧改飼實(shí)施范圍,將苜?;亟ㄔO(shè)規(guī)模由50萬(wàn)畝增加到100萬(wàn)畝,改造提升1500個(gè)奶牛家庭牧場(chǎng),增加5000名牧場(chǎng)主和技術(shù)骨干培訓(xùn),開(kāi)展生鮮乳*三方檢測(cè)試點(diǎn),據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),地方財(cái)政今年也安排了20多億元的資金,用于支持奶牛擴(kuò)群增量,乳制品加工和乳品消費(fèi)培育,推進(jìn)實(shí)施奶業(yè)振興。
 
  第四,推動(dòng)養(yǎng)殖加工融合發(fā)展。我部會(huì)同財(cái)政部印發(fā)《支持培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的意見(jiàn)》,重點(diǎn)支持奶農(nóng)家庭牧場(chǎng)和合作社發(fā)展,引導(dǎo)奶農(nóng)發(fā)展乳制品加工,河南、山東等地支持規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)開(kāi)辦生鮮乳飲品店,部分養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)已取得乳制品加工許可證。同時(shí)一些大型乳企開(kāi)始自建牧場(chǎng)或參股收購(gòu)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)等形式,向奶牛養(yǎng)殖延伸,提高自有奶源比例。
 
  第五,引導(dǎo)乳品企業(yè)發(fā)揮主體作用。督促乳企嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行合同收購(gòu),建立統(tǒng)一的生產(chǎn)資料采購(gòu)平臺(tái),降低投入品成本,推動(dòng)乳品企業(yè)與金融機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)合,為奶農(nóng)提供現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼、免息和低息貸款,緩解資金壓力,擴(kuò)大奶牛飼養(yǎng)規(guī)模。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),去年以來(lái),乳品企業(yè)收奶量增長(zhǎng)了10%左右。在各方面的共同努力下,奶業(yè)振興實(shí)現(xiàn)了良好開(kāi)局,乳品生產(chǎn)恢復(fù)了增長(zhǎng),據(jù)我部監(jiān)測(cè),1-9月份全國(guó)生鮮乳產(chǎn)量同比增長(zhǎng)5.2%,據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)同期乳制品產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了8.8%,奶業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)加快,全國(guó)奶牛平均單產(chǎn)7.8噸,同比提高了400公斤,規(guī)模牧場(chǎng)生鮮乳質(zhì)量達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平,奶牛養(yǎng)殖效益回應(yīng),近期規(guī)模奶牛養(yǎng)殖收益回歸到每頭牛年均3000元左右,單產(chǎn)9噸的奶牛利潤(rùn)達(dá)到4000元左右。乳品消費(fèi)信心提振,2018年我國(guó)液態(tài)奶銷(xiāo)售額同比增長(zhǎng)7.1%,國(guó)產(chǎn)嬰配粉銷(xiāo)售額增速也從14.5%增長(zhǎng)到21%,市場(chǎng)占有率進(jìn)一步的上升。
 
  如何保障奶產(chǎn)品安全?
 
  對(duì)于奶產(chǎn)品安全問(wèn)題,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部奶及奶制品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試中心主任王加啟表示,國(guó)產(chǎn)奶能不能放心喝,核心的問(wèn)題是質(zhì)量安全過(guò)關(guān)不過(guò)關(guān)。在來(lái)看,質(zhì)量安全是奶業(yè)發(fā)展的生命線(xiàn),關(guān)系到消費(fèi)者的身體健康,所以受到全社會(huì)普遍關(guān)注。其中,尤為重要的是生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全,是整個(gè)奶業(yè)質(zhì)量安全的源頭和基礎(chǔ),所以特別受到關(guān)注。我要介紹的情況是,受農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部委托,我所在的單位農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部奶及奶制品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試中心,從2009年開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在連續(xù)11年承擔(dān)全國(guó)生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施工作。其中,從2009年到2018年十年時(shí)間,累計(jì)抽檢的生鮮乳樣品達(dá)到了22萬(wàn)批次,這在上也是比較高的。監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估的因子達(dá)到了187個(gè),建立了含有220萬(wàn)條數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量安全數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)分析、研判,應(yīng)該說(shuō),我們?nèi)?、?zhǔn)確掌握了國(guó)家生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全的狀況,可以歸納為三個(gè)方面:
 
  ,生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全抽檢合格率居食品行業(yè)的前列。我國(guó)生鮮乳抽檢合格率連續(xù)多年保持在99.7%以上,三聚氰胺等違禁添加物抽檢合格率保持在100%。2018年全國(guó)生鮮乳抽檢合格率達(dá)到99.9%,比同期農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的抽檢合格率高2.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn),比全國(guó)食品總體抽檢合格率高2.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn),可以說(shuō)經(jīng)過(guò)11年持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)和全行業(yè)的共同努力,我國(guó)生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全目前處于歷史好水平。
 
  第二,生鮮乳的衛(wèi)生指標(biāo)達(dá)到了先進(jìn)水平。這個(gè)方面特別的不容易,菌落總數(shù)和體細(xì)胞數(shù),這是用于衡量生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全的兩個(gè)通用的指標(biāo),生鮮乳中的菌落總數(shù)是反映了奶牛養(yǎng)殖的和牛奶的衛(wèi)生情況。2018年全國(guó)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)平均值菌落總數(shù)是29.5萬(wàn)CFU每毫升,這個(gè)數(shù)字明顯低于美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)家50萬(wàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生鮮乳中的體細(xì)胞數(shù)反映的是奶牛健康、乳房炎發(fā)病率和牛奶品質(zhì)的狀況。2018年,全國(guó)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的平均值33.04萬(wàn),顯著低于美國(guó)75萬(wàn)和歐盟40萬(wàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可見(jiàn),我國(guó)生鮮乳中菌落總數(shù)和體細(xì)胞數(shù)的控制已經(jīng)達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的水平。
 
  第三,生鮮乳營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)穩(wěn)步提升。牛奶被稱(chēng)為接近的食物,也被稱(chēng)為白色血液,這主要?dú)w功于它優(yōu)異的營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)。乳脂肪和乳蛋白是衡量牛奶營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的兩個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。2018年全國(guó)生鮮乳抽檢結(jié)果表明,乳脂肪的平均值達(dá)到3.84,比2012年提高了0.25個(gè)百分點(diǎn),高出國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.74個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。乳蛋白抽檢的平均值為3.25,比2012年提高0.08個(gè)百分點(diǎn),高出國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.45個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。這些結(jié)果表明,全國(guó)的生鮮乳中乳脂肪、乳蛋白的監(jiān)測(cè)平均值逐年提高,基本的規(guī)律是三年上一個(gè)臺(tái)階。而且我們和其他的國(guó)家也進(jìn)行了比較,我們現(xiàn)在生鮮乳中乳脂肪和乳蛋白的平均值已經(jīng)達(dá)到了美國(guó)、加拿大等國(guó)家的水平。所以,在這個(gè)方面取得了顯著的進(jìn)步。
 
  另一方面,為了向公眾全面的呈現(xiàn)奶業(yè)質(zhì)量安全和相關(guān)工作情況,就像剛才我們的媒體朋友提問(wèn)的,很多消費(fèi)者有疑問(wèn),國(guó)產(chǎn)奶能不能的放心喝,我們雖然做了這么多工作,但我們還需要與消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行交流。所以,從2016年起,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部奶及奶制品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試中心會(huì)同中國(guó)奶業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)起草并連續(xù)三年發(fā)布年度的《中國(guó)奶業(yè)質(zhì)量報(bào)告》,通過(guò)公開(kāi)交流科學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù),客觀(guān)真實(shí)的展示我國(guó)奶業(yè)發(fā)生的變化。今年,我們繼續(xù)編寫(xiě)年度的《中國(guó)奶業(yè)質(zhì)量報(bào)告》,并將在D20峰會(huì)上發(fā)布,在此,我希望各位記者朋友們給予積極的關(guān)注報(bào)道,奶業(yè)振興離不開(kāi)我們的媒體朋友,還需要我們共同努力,用科學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)展現(xiàn)奶業(yè)的顯著變化,讓消費(fèi)者真正的知道,國(guó)產(chǎn)奶的質(zhì)量安全有保證,值得信賴(lài),國(guó)產(chǎn)奶完全可以放心喝。我是做奶業(yè)科研與檢測(cè)工作的,應(yīng)該說(shuō)了解這里面的情況,我天天喝的就是很普通的國(guó)產(chǎn)奶。另外,我還想說(shuō)一點(diǎn),牛奶是一個(gè)鮮活食品,不適合飄洋過(guò)海,遠(yuǎn)距離、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的運(yùn)輸。因此,我們的消費(fèi)者要想真正的喝上奶,只能依靠發(fā)展我們的國(guó)產(chǎn)奶。
 
  面臨的問(wèn)題和困難有哪些?
 
  關(guān)于當(dāng)前我國(guó)奶業(yè)振興面臨的問(wèn)題和困難,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部畜牧獸醫(yī)局二級(jí)巡視員王俊勛表示,現(xiàn)在奶制品、乳制品在食品消費(fèi)中,在居民的生活當(dāng)中越來(lái)越普及了,而且也是人民美好生活當(dāng)中不可或缺的食品。所以這些年來(lái)乳業(yè)的發(fā)展不斷地進(jìn)步,而且前面也談到,在質(zhì)量安全上也有很大的進(jìn)步。但是我們也看到,在發(fā)展過(guò)程中,我們?nèi)〉玫某煽?jī)很大,但是現(xiàn)在面臨的一些問(wèn)題也不可忽視,主要在幾個(gè)方面:
 
  一是從生產(chǎn)上來(lái)看,養(yǎng)殖的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力還不是很強(qiáng)。與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比,我國(guó)奶牛的單產(chǎn)水平、資源利用效率和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率還有一定的差距,奶牛舍飼的生產(chǎn)成本仍然比較高,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比,我們的養(yǎng)殖成本高40%到60%左右。還有我們常用的飼料,玉米價(jià)格比水平高出60%左右,所以生鮮乳的生產(chǎn)成本居高不下。奶牛養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)養(yǎng)牛掙錢(qián)難也是客觀(guān)存在的現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),我們還看到奶牛加工的利益連接機(jī)制不是很緊密,奶牛養(yǎng)殖效益還不是很穩(wěn)定,這是從生產(chǎn)層面來(lái)看。從消費(fèi)層面來(lái)看,從總量來(lái)講還有不足,結(jié)構(gòu)還不是很合理。從整體上看,我國(guó)人均乳制品消費(fèi)量?jī)H為世界平均水平的1/3,是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的1/2,奶業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的1/7,當(dāng)然這些不足也說(shuō)明我們國(guó)家潛力還有很大的增長(zhǎng)空間。但是從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看,乳制品存在著“兩多兩少”的問(wèn)題。種就是液態(tài)奶多,干乳制品少,去年我國(guó)乳制品的總產(chǎn)量是2680多萬(wàn)噸,這里面液態(tài)奶的產(chǎn)量2500萬(wàn)噸,干乳制品產(chǎn)量180萬(wàn)噸,這個(gè)差距還是很大的。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一般的情況來(lái)講,干乳制品和液態(tài)奶的比重7:3,在我國(guó)恰恰是倒過(guò)來(lái)3:7。這是一種情況。第二種情況,在液態(tài)奶里面常溫滅菌乳多,巴氏殺菌乳少,在去年的乳制品中,滅菌乳和巴氏乳的比例大概是4:1的狀況。針對(duì)這些情況,下一步我想從幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)一步的完善,特別是針對(duì)短板的問(wèn)題,從生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)兩手抓、兩促進(jìn),建立起政府引導(dǎo)、企業(yè)主體、多方參與、共同推進(jìn)的一個(gè)工作格局,來(lái)改變這種狀況。在生產(chǎn)方面,重點(diǎn)是要解決一個(gè)是在什么地方養(yǎng),第二個(gè)是怎么養(yǎng)的問(wèn)題。在什么地方養(yǎng),首先要進(jìn)一步做好區(qū)域的布局,特別是抓好奶業(yè)主產(chǎn)省和奶業(yè)大縣為了增量提質(zhì)目標(biāo),加強(qiáng)規(guī)劃引導(dǎo)、政策支持和技術(shù)指導(dǎo),打造中國(guó)的黃金奶源帶。
 
  二是在怎么養(yǎng)好的問(wèn)題,要從草和牛這兩個(gè)方面下功夫,一個(gè)是要推行草畜配套,種養(yǎng)結(jié)合,農(nóng)牧循環(huán)的方式,提高高產(chǎn)苜?;氐慕ㄔO(shè),擴(kuò)大糧改飼實(shí)施范圍,提高飼草料的保障水平。第二個(gè)在牛的品種方面,要推動(dòng)奶牛養(yǎng)殖的散戶(hù)和小區(qū)的牧場(chǎng)化改造,改變經(jīng)營(yíng)方式,提升家庭牧場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),強(qiáng)化生鮮乳質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管水平,不斷提升奶牛的生產(chǎn)效益。第二,在消費(fèi)方面重點(diǎn)抓好三項(xiàng)工作:一是優(yōu)化乳制品結(jié)構(gòu),穩(wěn)定常溫奶,大力發(fā)展適銷(xiāo)對(duì)路的低溫乳制品,增加易于消費(fèi)者接受的奶酪、黃油等干乳制品的生產(chǎn),推動(dòng)由“喝奶”向“吃奶”轉(zhuǎn)變,更好的滿(mǎn)足消費(fèi)者多樣化的需求。二是樹(shù)立品牌,引導(dǎo)企業(yè)用質(zhì)量筑就品牌,用科技提升品牌,用誠(chéng)信維護(hù)品牌,用宣傳唱響品牌,不斷提升國(guó)產(chǎn)品牌的影響力。這是我們倡導(dǎo)舉辦奶業(yè)20強(qiáng)峰會(huì)的目的,就是要打造一個(gè)中國(guó)奶業(yè)品牌的平臺(tái),讓我們的品牌讓國(guó)人知曉,逐步的從國(guó)內(nèi)走向。第三,強(qiáng)化宣傳,發(fā)布《中國(guó)奶業(yè)質(zhì)量報(bào)告》,大力推廣國(guó)家學(xué)生飲用奶計(jì)劃,組織中國(guó)小康牛奶行動(dòng)和奶酪推廣行動(dòng)等公益活動(dòng),推動(dòng)乳品企業(yè)創(chuàng)新消費(fèi)體驗(yàn)形式,加快培育農(nóng)村消費(fèi)市場(chǎng),講好中國(guó)奶業(yè)故事,努力擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)群體。
 
  新模式的探索
 
  關(guān)于奶業(yè)加工發(fā)展新模式的探索以及在這方面的資金援助方面,王俊勛介紹,,關(guān)于奶農(nóng)辦加工廠(chǎng)和萬(wàn)頭牧場(chǎng)是否過(guò)時(shí),這兩個(gè)不矛盾。在我們國(guó)家養(yǎng)殖當(dāng)中,規(guī)?;壤?00頭為一條線(xiàn)劃定,100頭規(guī)?;B(yǎng)殖比例占總量的61%左右。就是說(shuō),還有大量的養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模是在100頭以下的。在這兩部分里,從規(guī)?;B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)來(lái)說(shuō),在中國(guó)是“人多地少”,用地的問(wèn)題不管是哪個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,要解決用地還是有一定難度的。既然拿到地以后,怎么樣提高土地的產(chǎn)出率,就必須得有一定的飼養(yǎng)規(guī)模,飼養(yǎng)規(guī)模的大小取決于管理企業(yè)的水平、資金,還有包括產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)路等幾個(gè)方面的因素共同決定的。我們也看到,在中國(guó)的規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖里面,有不少萬(wàn)頭牧場(chǎng)在中國(guó)做的比較不錯(cuò)的。比如像現(xiàn)代牧業(yè)萬(wàn)頭牧場(chǎng)已經(jīng)超過(guò)了30個(gè),像這樣的一些企業(yè),也是根據(jù)不同的生產(chǎn)周期、生產(chǎn)區(qū)域和加工的需要設(shè)置自己的產(chǎn)業(yè)模式,所以這個(gè)我覺(jué)得在中國(guó)的發(fā)展情況下,還是會(huì)存在的,不能用是否過(guò)時(shí)來(lái)衡量。
 
  第二,規(guī)模以下牧場(chǎng)怎樣通過(guò)養(yǎng)殖獲得收益,這是第二個(gè)問(wèn)題,就是奶農(nóng)辦加工企業(yè)的問(wèn)題。剛才吳社長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)談到了,在很多的中小養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)當(dāng)中通過(guò)合作社的形式組織起來(lái),形成一個(gè)分散的養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)和規(guī)模的生鮮乳供應(yīng)的良性循環(huán)。這里面有幾個(gè)好處,對(duì)銷(xiāo)售商能夠有更好的議價(jià)空間。第二在銷(xiāo)售過(guò)程中,當(dāng)產(chǎn)量達(dá)到一定水平的時(shí)候,可以向加工延伸,通過(guò)加工來(lái)獲得更好的加工紅利。奶農(nóng)辦加工企業(yè)涉及到資金問(wèn)題的解決渠道是多元的。首先取決于本身加工的規(guī)模,因?yàn)閺哪剔r(nóng)辦加工來(lái)講,從國(guó)外看,很多都是建立在家庭牧場(chǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)展的,在我們國(guó)家現(xiàn)在正在嘗試的是建立在合作社的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)展的,所以這個(gè)規(guī)模也不是很大。從資金的需求量來(lái)講,也不會(huì)特別高。現(xiàn)在奶的價(jià)格,去年平均價(jià)格都在3塊到3塊五毛左右,在做這種加工的時(shí)候,通過(guò)一些銀行的信貸,也可以解決一部分,因?yàn)橐?guī)模不大的話(huà),產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售半徑相對(duì)來(lái)講比較有限,再一個(gè)產(chǎn)品也是以新鮮為主,新鮮的產(chǎn)品還是有消費(fèi)者認(rèn)可的。
 
  后是關(guān)于鮮乳的銷(xiāo)售信心的問(wèn)題。實(shí)際上從養(yǎng)殖者來(lái)講,是建立在自己的養(yǎng)殖效益上,怎么樣實(shí)現(xiàn)收益大化。從加工講,也是一樣的,信心是建立在產(chǎn)品能夠得到消費(fèi)者認(rèn)同的基礎(chǔ)上。效益的關(guān)鍵核心問(wèn)題還是在于質(zhì)量,從2008年以來(lái),10多年的時(shí)間,從中央的要求,部門(mén)的協(xié)作,包括加工企業(yè)和奶農(nóng)的努力,還有消費(fèi)者,都是在質(zhì)量方面下功夫、提要求的,10多年來(lái),消費(fèi)者對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)乳制品的支持力度、認(rèn)同程度,包括認(rèn)同面也是越來(lái)越廣,當(dāng)然還離不開(kāi)媒體大量的宣傳,因?yàn)樵谶@10多年當(dāng)中,我們有過(guò)三聚氰氨的痛,但是我們媒體在宣傳國(guó)產(chǎn)乳制品的變化方面,比如說(shuō)頻頻報(bào)道國(guó)產(chǎn)乳制品在上獲獎(jiǎng),這些情況在前幾年是不敢想象的。所以這些變化是各方面共同努力的結(jié)果,我想這也是所謂我們振興的目標(biāo)和動(dòng)力所在,也是我們信心的來(lái)源所在。
 
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