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如何恢復(fù)“雞蛋自由”?關(guān)注高溫“烤”驗下的蛋雞養(yǎng)殖業(yè)

2019-08-02 17:04:57 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:48635 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近,市場上的蔬菜、瓜果、雞蛋等農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品價格持續(xù)高位運行,引起了極大關(guān)注。8月1日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前全國雞蛋平均批發(fā)價格為每公斤9.25元,比3月份雞蛋價格低時期上漲約35%。事實上,每年的3-5月,由于市場供應(yīng)量相對寬松,雞蛋的價格普遍偏低,而在7-9月由于氣溫較高,蛋雞將會進(jìn)入伏歇期,致使產(chǎn)蛋率下降,雞蛋價格處于高位。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】近,市場上的蔬菜、瓜果、雞蛋等農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品價格持續(xù)高位運行,引起了極大關(guān)注。8月1日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前全國雞蛋平均批發(fā)價格為每公斤9.25元,比3月份雞蛋價格低時期上漲約35%。事實上,每年的3-5月,由于市場供應(yīng)量相對寬松,雞蛋的價格普遍偏低,而在7-9月由于氣溫較高,蛋雞將會進(jìn)入伏歇期,致使產(chǎn)蛋率下降,雞蛋價格處于高位。
 
  世界氣象組織曾預(yù)測,近5年會是有史以來熱的5年,而美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)的數(shù)據(jù)也顯示,我們剛剛經(jīng)歷的7月已經(jīng)成為140年來(從1880年NOAA開始記錄溫度算起)熱的7月。進(jìn)入“沒有熱只有更熱”模式,比利時、德國、荷蘭、英國、法國、捷克和瑞士都打破了各自的歷史記錄。
 
  2018年,遼寧多地高溫,出現(xiàn)海參大量死亡的情況,養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)遭受嚴(yán)重打擊。2019年,同樣因為高溫,蛋雞出現(xiàn)飲水增加、日耗料下降、生產(chǎn)性能下降、中暑死亡等等一系列熱應(yīng)激反應(yīng),產(chǎn)蛋率從93%-94%下降到88%-89%,蛋雞養(yǎng)殖面臨困境。
 
  與此同時,非洲豬瘟帶來的影響也在持續(xù)發(fā)酵。生豬和能繁母豬存欄下降,使雞肉和雞蛋等替代需求增加,還有一部分養(yǎng)殖戶開始淘汰低產(chǎn)能蛋雞,增加肉雞存欄,使得雞蛋市場逐漸供不應(yīng)求,價格大幅上漲。從2018年10、11月份,我國雞蛋、肉雞的價格一路高歌猛進(jìn),很多生豬養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)以及依附于養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)的器械、設(shè)備企業(yè)、飼料企業(yè)、獸藥企業(yè)、育種企業(yè)紛紛有意將戰(zhàn)場轉(zhuǎn)到家禽行業(yè)。
 
  當(dāng)然,眼看雞蛋價格上漲,部分養(yǎng)殖戶持惜售心理也會導(dǎo)致雞蛋價格供應(yīng)減少。而上半年蛋雞疫情的爆發(fā),也在一定程度上減少了雞蛋的產(chǎn)量。正是多重因素的影響,才使得雞蛋價格高位運行。盡管如此,雖然受各種因素影響出現(xiàn)起伏,但總體上我國蛋雞產(chǎn)業(yè)仍呈現(xiàn)逐年增長趨勢。
 
  那么,在高溫“烤”驗下的蛋雞養(yǎng)殖行業(yè),又將如何發(fā)展呢?對于蛋雞的熱應(yīng)激反應(yīng)控防,我們無非是從硬件設(shè)施建設(shè)和飼養(yǎng)管理等層面出發(fā),保障雞蛋有效供給,恢復(fù)“雞蛋自由”。
 
  就硬件設(shè)施而言,“通風(fēng)不良是萬病之源”,現(xiàn)代化、規(guī)模化、自動化蛋雞養(yǎng)殖同樣需要注意利用風(fēng)速降溫來防控?zé)釕?yīng)激的產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)雞舍存欄量的設(shè)計,合理安裝風(fēng)機(jī)設(shè)備和養(yǎng)殖車間水簾,高溫高濕天氣,單棟存欄量比較大的雞舍還可以嘗試使用空調(diào)排濕降溫。為了維持穩(wěn)定的溫度以保證雞只大的舒適度,通常可將機(jī)械化通風(fēng)與天然通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)合使用,進(jìn)一步利用溫度差異以及自然的空氣流動去除多余的熱和水分,并提供氧氣。
 
  養(yǎng)殖場作為重點防疫單位,防疫消毒制度的完備和落實是疫病防控的重要手段,包括全進(jìn)全出、隔離消毒、接種疫苗、非特異性防疫體系構(gòu)建、藥物防治等。雞場選址和設(shè)計需在相對隔離的地域、場區(qū)實行封閉管理;出入口處消毒管理,包括車輛、物質(zhì)、人員進(jìn)出的消毒和隔離;注重出入雞舍的防疫規(guī)范;藥品疫苗規(guī)范管理、配置獸醫(yī)解剖診斷室、無害化處理區(qū)等。
 
  此外,在管理時,還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意飼養(yǎng)密度,在夏季及時調(diào)整雞群密度,調(diào)整籠位均勻度,及時淘汰賴雞和寡產(chǎn)雞;飼養(yǎng)人員水位規(guī)范檢查,保證不出現(xiàn)斷水、漏水現(xiàn)象,確保雞群飲水正常;每月對飲水管進(jìn)行定期消毒沖洗,保證雞群飲到清潔水源;注意飼料衛(wèi)生,確保無發(fā)霉飼料。
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