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農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展 “電力能源”不可或缺

2017-12-25 14:21:56 來源：中國農機網 閱讀量：47944 評論

　　【中國農機網 本站原創(chuàng)】近日，農業(yè)部聯(lián)合農業(yè)銀行大力推進金融支持農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展工作。農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展是農業(yè)供給側結構性改革的主攻方向，也是實施“五位一體”總體布局的具體體現(xiàn)。
 
　　《通知》要求，各級農業(yè)部門和農業(yè)銀行要以深化農業(yè)供給側結構性改革為主線，尊重農業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)律和市場經濟規(guī)律，堅持政府引導、市場運作，以農業(yè)基礎設施建設、農業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新、農業(yè)結構調整、農業(yè)面源污染治理為重點，加大信貸投放力度，支持一批符合農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展要求的企業(yè)項目。
 
　　因此，綠色農業(yè)在科學合理的使用水和土地等環(huán)境資源的同時，對于農業(yè)機械的動力使用也將是企業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的方向。
 

　　電能對綠色農業(yè)“大有裨益”
 
　　現(xiàn)代農業(yè)機械動力的來源主要是柴油、汽油，即使是在國三取代國二，國四大力研發(fā)適應的行業(yè)市場要求下，電力能源相比之下可以算是一種比較綠色的動力來源了。
 
　　有人說，以電為能源在機械的使用中，沒有柴油、汽油為能源的機械功率大。就如，在植保無人機市場中，存在電能、燃油兩種動力來源。一直以來，這兩種動力的植保無人機都在“battle”，電力載藥少、續(xù)航短；燃油成本高、不環(huán)保等等。
 
　　但在我國機車的應用中，電動機車毫不遜色于內燃機車。不管是內燃機車還是電力機車，都要靠牽引電機來驅動火車行使。我國的機車技術在世界上還是比較先進的，一臺內燃機運行時可以拖動幾百到幾千噸的火車。但由于內燃機車柴油機的功率限制，而電力機車本身不帶原動機，裝有大功率變壓器和牽引電機，靠接受接觸網送來的電流作為能源，所以電力機車具有功率大、熱效率高、速度快、過載能力強和運行可靠等主要優(yōu)點，而且不污染環(huán)境。因此，電能完全可以作為一種綠色能源應用于農業(yè)機械。
 
　　電能在農業(yè)中“嶄露頭角”
 
　　農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展，除了對農業(yè)本身的綠色保護之外，在農業(yè)機械的使用上也需要綠色發(fā)展。如，在科學施用化肥、飛防灑藥、灌溉等這些農業(yè)綠色作業(yè)實施的過程中，對于農業(yè)作業(yè)機械的推廣應用也應該符合綠色農業(yè)發(fā)展的要求，而農業(yè)部與中國農業(yè)銀行聯(lián)合的首要目的就是要以金融的方式支持這些綠色企業(yè)。
 
　　糧食烘干機對于農業(yè)來說，可謂是農民擺脫看天曬糧的重要“幫手”。我國每年因霉變造成的糧食產后損失高達2100萬噸，占全國糧食總產量的4.2%左右，發(fā)展糧食烘干迫在眉睫。專家預測，未來10年，烘干機有望迎來快速發(fā)展的黃金時期。但是，在綠色農業(yè)發(fā)展的大方向下，農業(yè)烘干機在多樣性發(fā)展的同時急需一種綠色的動力能源相配。近日，“以電代煤”的空氣源熱泵糧食烘干機在常州地區(qū)得到運用。
 
　　“以張新伢農場的3臺烘干設備為例，一個豐收季共為村民們烘干糧食近500噸，燃燒標煤16噸，煤炭開銷約1.5萬余元，值守加煤人工成本近萬元，共計2萬余元。而采用空氣源熱泵電烘干技術，按農業(yè)生產電價0.52元計算，24小時烘干一倉糧食預計用電860度，成本約430元。一季烘干500噸糧食僅需電費8600元左右。”常州一供電所負責人這樣算一筆賬。
 
　　采用空氣源熱泵機組代替燃煤、燃油熱風爐，為糧食烘干塔提供熱源，不僅實現(xiàn)污染物零排放，還比燃油和燃煤烘干節(jié)能50%以上。這既保障了糧食品質，又促進了農戶節(jié)本增收、綠色發(fā)展。
 
　　結語
 
　　現(xiàn)代農業(yè)機械電力驅動的發(fā)展趨勢是力求簡化傳動結構，使電動機盡量接近工作機構，或在可能條件下將二者結合在一起，以提高機組的使用可靠性和適應工藝過程自動化的要求。
 
　　從許多國家在農業(yè)中應用電能的歷史看，發(fā)展的過程是從解決照明用電和個別繁重作業(yè)的電氣化開始，逐步過渡到實現(xiàn)生產工藝過程的綜合電氣機械化和推廣應用自動控制技術，進而發(fā)展到應用電能實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的生產方式，組織專業(yè)化的農牧業(yè)生產，以大幅度提高農產品的產量和質量，減少勞動消耗，從而獲得更高的綜合經濟效益。在美國、聯(lián)邦德國等國家，每個農業(yè)勞動力每年的平均用電量可高達3500～4500千瓦小時。
 
　　此外，發(fā)展適于在農業(yè)環(huán)境條件下使用的電動機、控制保護電器和成套裝置系列也很受重視。
 
　　中國農機網(dwjfsy.com)原創(chuàng)，轉載請注明出處。
 
　　參考資料 : 農業(yè)部，中國江蘇網，互動百科
 

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