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“去庫存”啟示:農(nóng)機(jī)供需矛盾急需化解

2017-02-22 08:47:14 來源:中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量:43923 評論

  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】據(jù)國家糧食局2017年2月9日印發(fā)的《2017年糧食流通工作要點(diǎn)》,提出要深入推進(jìn)糧食供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革,加快推進(jìn)糧食“去庫存”進(jìn)度,保障國家糧食安全。自2016年玉米收儲市場化改革以來,“去庫存”已成農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域當(dāng)下熱門的關(guān)鍵詞之一。
 
  不僅如此,房地產(chǎn)、鋼鐵等行業(yè)同樣也在實(shí)行著“去庫存化”改革。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,供需矛盾和市場惡性競爭的影響,產(chǎn)能過剩幾乎是每個(gè)行業(yè)都避無可避的問題,農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)亦是這樣。
 
  現(xiàn)狀:中低端農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能過剩
 
  現(xiàn)令,中國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)已經(jīng)走過了黃金十年,產(chǎn)出規(guī)模比十年前翻了兩番。據(jù)了解,2016年前8個(gè)月,中國農(nóng)機(jī)制造業(yè)相比2015年同期增長約7%,在機(jī)械工業(yè)行業(yè)。目前,中國農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)產(chǎn)出規(guī)模占的46%,幾乎占據(jù)半壁江山。但是中低端產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能過剩,同質(zhì)化競爭現(xiàn)象突出仍是困擾農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)發(fā)展的一大問題。
 
  以拖拉機(jī)行業(yè)為例,2015年我國年產(chǎn)值2000萬元以上的企業(yè)有200余家,其中,生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小的企業(yè)產(chǎn)能也超過2萬臺,而時(shí)風(fēng)集團(tuán)、中國一拖、五征集團(tuán)、常林集團(tuán)等大型企業(yè)的年產(chǎn)能均逾10萬臺,這些企業(yè)的產(chǎn)能已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過總共200多萬臺的年需求量,這還不包括200家規(guī)模企業(yè)之外的眾多小型拖拉機(jī)制造企業(yè)。
 
  綜上所述,農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)能過剩之甚由此可見一斑。這種現(xiàn)象又該如何化解呢?筆者認(rèn)為,以下兩點(diǎn)可作為思考方向。
 
  如何化解供需矛盾?
 
  調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)
 
  產(chǎn)能過剩之所以會產(chǎn)生,與企業(yè)盲目跟隨市場熱度,集中同一品種產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)等現(xiàn)象息息相關(guān)。正所謂“所有雞蛋不能放在同一個(gè)籃子里”,分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很重要。
 
  2017年國家將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)以玉米為重點(diǎn)的種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。進(jìn)一步調(diào)減“鐮刀彎”等非優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)玉米面積1000萬畝,增加食用大豆、薯類、雜糧雜豆等,鞏固主產(chǎn)區(qū)棉花、油料、糖料生產(chǎn)。種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化同樣影響著農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu),隨著大豆、馬鈴薯等作物種植面積的增加,其機(jī)械的需求也同樣會增加,以玉米收獲機(jī)“一家獨(dú)大”的局面終會被打破。調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu),減小供需變化所帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯得極為重要。
 
  此外,加大科技投入,加強(qiáng)核心技術(shù)研發(fā)能力,提高農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品所占比例,可緩解低端產(chǎn)品過多現(xiàn)象。
 
  農(nóng)機(jī)報(bào)廢更新
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)能過剩、達(dá)到報(bào)廢程度的農(nóng)機(jī)具越來越多,不僅給農(nóng)業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)帶來影響,同時(shí)也給環(huán)境帶來壓力。所謂“舊的不去,新的不來”,老舊落后農(nóng)機(jī)在一定程度上積壓落后產(chǎn)能,阻礙了我國農(nóng)機(jī)化的轉(zhuǎn)型升級。
 
  可喜的是,為破解農(nóng)機(jī)裝備中“小型、低端農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能過剩”與“中、滿足農(nóng)藝需求的產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)不足”的矛盾,我國開始實(shí)施農(nóng)機(jī)報(bào)廢更新試點(diǎn)工作,對老舊農(nóng)機(jī)報(bào)廢進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼,對報(bào)廢機(jī)具進(jìn)行全面的解體與銷毀,從而加大農(nóng)機(jī)裝備供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革步伐,推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)化轉(zhuǎn)型升級。
 
  編者結(jié)語:一元復(fù)始,萬象更新。站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上,2017年我國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)依然肩負(fù)重任。為推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化向全程全面高質(zhì)發(fā)展,助力現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),未來,隨著農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)格局的演變,農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度將會越來越高,產(chǎn)品單一或者科研能力低、資金短缺的小型企業(yè),將退出歷史舞臺,因此,破除農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)能過剩問題已經(jīng)刻不容緩。2017年挑戰(zhàn)重重,任重道遠(yuǎn),農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)必須擼起袖子加油干!

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